CHILD HEALTH SUPPLEMENT TO THE 1988 NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY

NICHD赞助并协调了1988年的调查， 基于儿童健康的数据。 早期的工作集中在低水平的影响， 出生体重和母亲吸烟对儿童后期健康状况的影响。 的 后来的工作分析了儿童伤害的危险因素，以支持 * 有效确定干预措施的目标，因为伤害是主要原因 这是第一个研究表明， 非致命伤害原因与致命原因有很大不同， 风险因素因年龄和社会经济因素而有相当大的差异 特色 学龄前儿童伤害的儿童分析 护理模式显示，使用非监护人护理没有增加， 除了贫穷、教育程度低的母亲的最小的孩子， 使用各种类型的多个兼职护理场所（中心，护理 在自己家里或别人家里）。 增加基于中心的工时 护理似乎降低了儿童的总体和严重伤害风险 4-5岁。 同样，酗酒妇女的大一点的孩子， 或者父母双方都是酗酒者， 风险 另一项风险因素分析显示， 占所有医疗护理伤害的36%。 对获得医疗保健的影响的分析表明， 没有医疗保险（医疗保险或医疗补助）， 30%的受伤者和40%的重伤者可能没有接受 与有医疗保险的儿童相比， 的 最新研究表明，单身成年人家庭的儿童 无论其他因素，如贫困或种族，风险都在增加。

NICHD sponsored and coordinated the 1988 survey to provide population- based data on children's health. Early work focused on effects of low birth weight and maternal smoking on children's later health status. The later work has analyzed childhood injury risk factors to support effective targeting of interventions since injury is the leading cause of death for children in the U.S. This is the first study to demonstrate that non-fatal injury causes differed considerably from fatal causes, with considerable variation of risk factors by age and socioeconomic characteristics. Analysis of injuries in preschool children by child care patterns showed that use of non-guardian care did not increase risks except for the youngest children of poor, low education mothers who use multiple part-time places of care of all types (center-based, care in their own home or homes of others). Increasing hours in center-based care seemed to lower both total and serious injury risks for children ages 4-5 years. Also, older children of women who are problem drinkers, or of two parents who are both problem drinkers, are at higher injury risk. Another risk factor analysis showed that sports and recreation account for 36% of all medically attended injuries from all causes. Analysis of effects of access to medical care showed that for children without medical care coverage (health insurance or Medicaid), as much as 30% of total injuries and 40% of serious injuries may not have received medical attention compared to children with medical care coverage. The latest studies have shown that children in single adult households are at increased risk regardless of other factors such as poverty or race.