EXERCISE PROMOTION OF MINORITY ELDERLY IN SENIOR CENTERS

虽然有相当多的研究对心理社会和 知觉因素影响锻炼行为，这种知识不是 扩大到少数民族老年人。本研究的目的是 制定健康教育计划，促进参与 为老年中心的非裔美国人提供锻炼活动。的 主要目标是：1）确定与决策相关的因素 参加锻炼计划，坚持，和复发， 运动常规; 2）实施和评估健康教育计划 旨在增加参与和维持正在进行的演习， 计划，以及3）开发和评估锻炼计划的方法 传播。我们的假设是健康教育干预 根据老年人群体和文化的具体看法和需要， 非洲裔美国人社区将大大提高参与 锻炼计划，并将减少计划的流失和增加 运动保养第一个目标是通过一系列 焦点小组和少数老年人的调查，在两个高级 中心.焦点小组包括老年人谁是在三个之一 运动的阶段;当前的锻炼者，非锻炼者，以及那些 最近参加了一个锻炼计划，但后来停止了。 这些小组的目的是确定文化的具体因素， 少数人认为对他们的锻炼活动阶段很重要。 接下来的面试调查将评估程度因素，如社会 支持，自我效能，以及对锻炼的看法和知识， 利益和障碍，以及健康风险，并与各阶段的 锻炼行为一旦我们确定了这些神经病的重要性- 运动阶段的社会和知觉变量 行为，我们将使用这些概念作为健康教育的一部分 沟通信息，努力推动老年人沿着这些沿着 锻炼的阶段。 运动健康教育计划将 通过对培训员的培训， 在程序开发和维护方面自给自足。因素之间 在保持锻炼计划中，重要的是识别和训练 个人组织和领导这样的计划。三种训练方法 将对培训者进行比较;培训学生担任 培训愿意承担责任的老年少数民族参与者 项目领导;培训社区老年人承担项目 领导三组在节目数量上进行比较 开始和维持以及锻炼计划参与者的数量。 这项为期三年的研究将产生一套全面的 最大化运动维持，减少复发，以及维持 并在社区中推广锻炼计划。

Although there is considerable research on the psycho-social and perceptual factors influencing exercise behavior, this knowledge is not extended to the older minority population. The goal of this study is to develop a health education program which promotes participation in exercise activities for older African-Americans in senior centers. The primary objectives are to: 1) identify factors associated with deciding to participate in exercise programs, adherence, and relapse from an exercise routine; 2) implement and evaluate a health education program designed to increase participation and maintenance of an ongoing exercise program, and 3) develop and evaluate methods of exercise program dissemination. Our hypothesis is that a health education intervention based on cohort and culture specific perceptions and needs of the older African-American community will significantly improve participation in exercise programs and will decrease program attrition and increase exercise maintenance. The first objective is addressed through a series of focus groups and a survey of minority older adults in two senior centers. The focus groups include older adults who are in one of three stages of exercise; current exercisers, non-exercisers, and those who recently participated in an exercise program but have since discontinued. The purpose of the groups is to determine culture specific factors older minorities view as being important to their stage of exercise activity. Next an interview survey will assess the degree factors such as social support, self-efficacy, and perceptions and knowledge about exercise, benefits and barriers, and health risk and associated with stages of exercise behavior. Once we determine the importance of these psycho- social and perceptual variables in determining stage of exercise behavior, we will use these concepts as part of the health education communication message in an effort to move older adults along these stages of exercise. The exercise health education program will be expanded to other settings through a process of training the trainers to be self-sufficient in program development and maintenance. Among factors important in maintaining exercise programs is identification and training individuals to organize and lead such programs. Three methods of training the trainers will be compared; training students to assume leadership of the programs; training older minority participants willing to assume program leadership; and training community older adults to assume program leadership. The three groups are compared on the number of programs started and maintained and the number of exercise program participants. This three year study will result in a comprehensive package of maximizing exercise maintenance, reduced relapse, and methods to maintain and expand exercise programs in the community.