ALCOHOL REGULATION AND VIOLENCE

申请人摘要：这项建议侧重于变化的影响 在美国各城市和各州的政府酒精监管政策中 美国和各国关于暴力犯罪发生率的报告 (强奸、抢劫和殴打)；家庭中的身体暴力；以及其他 暴力行为的迹象，如打架和与 初中、高中和大学的警察。校长 需要检验的假设是，微观数据中的暴力发生率 与监管的严格程度呈负相关。酒精控制 变量包括政府监管的酒精饮料价格 通过税收；购买和购买的最低法定饮酒年龄 饮酒的数量和类型；符合以下条件的出口 获准销售酒类；以及与酒类广告有关的法规 以及对服务器的责任。新的可用措施的影响 非法药品价格和与制造、销售、 还将研究持有、使用非法毒品对暴力的影响。 此外，研究设计认识到非暴力犯罪可能 成为暴力犯罪的替代品或补充，前者将 被认为是额外的结果。一个国际机场和四个国际机场 本项目将采用国家微观数据收集： 国际犯罪调查(28,006名年龄在16岁及以上的受访者 包括美国在内的15个国家，西欧11个国家，波兰， 加拿大和澳大利亚)；1991年全国药物滥用家庭调查 (32,594名年龄在12岁及以上的受访者，青少年和 年轻人、黑人和西班牙裔)；1982年、1989年和1992年 监控中学生的未来调查 (每次调查中约有17,000名高三学生 1992年调查的八年级和十年级学生人数)；1989年、1990年、 和1991年大学生核心酒精和药物调查(5万人以上 每个调查中的大学生)；以及1976和1985年的国民家庭 暴力调查(1976年调查有2,143名受访者，#年有6,002名受访者 1985年对黑人和西班牙裔美国人的过度抽样调查 调查)。这些数据收集将有助于评估 酒精和非法药物监管措施对暴力的影响 由男性和女性、儿童、青少年和 成年人；白人和少数族裔。

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: This proposal focuses on the effects of variations in government alcohol regulatory policies among cities and states of the United States and among countries on the incidence of violent crimes (rape, robbery, and assault); physical violence in families; and other indicators of violent behavior such as fights and trouble with the police in junior high school, high school, and college. The principal hypothesis to be tested is that the incidence of violence in micro data is negatively related to the stringency of regulation. Alcohol control variables include alcoholic beverage prices, which governments regulate via taxation; the minimum legal drinking age for the purchase and consumption of alcohol; the number and types of outlets that are permitted to sell alcohol; and statutes pertaining to alcohol advertising and to server liability. The impacts of newly available measure of illegal drug prices and state laws pertaining to the manufacture, sale, possession, and use of illegal drugs on violence also will be studied. In addition, the research design recognizes that non-violent crime may be a substitute or a complement for violent crime, and the former will be considered as an additional outcome. One international and four national micro data collections will be employed in this project: the 1989 International Crime Survey (28,006 respondents ages 16 and over in 15 countries including the U.S., 11 countries in Western Europe, Poland, Canada, and Australia); the 1991 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (32,594 respondents ages 12 and over with oversampling of teenagers and young adults, blacks, and Hispanics); the 1982, 1989, and 1992 Monitoring the Future Surveys of Secondary School Students (approximately 17,000 high school seniors in each survey and the same numbers of eighth and tenth graders in the 1992 survey); the 1989, 1990, and 1991 Core Alcohol and Drug Surveys of College Students (over 50,000 college students in each survey); and the 1976 and 1985 National Family Violence Surveys (2,143 respondents in the 1976 survey and 6,002 in the 1985 survey with oversampling of Blacks and Hispanics in the 1985 survey). These data collections will facilitate evaluations of the effects of the alcohol and illegal drug regulatory measures on violent actions committed by and to males and females; children, teenagers, and adults; and whites and minorities.