ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION SOURCES, PATHWAY CONCENTRATIONS & BEHAVIOR

最近的研究表明，幼儿可能会高度暴露于 杀虫剂由于它们对环境的正常口腔探索和 他们与地板和其他表面的皮肤接触程度。农场工人 儿童可能会因以下原因而接触到更高的杀虫剂水平 农场工人家庭成员追踪进入他们家中的杀虫剂，由 杀虫剂漂移，靠他们农场工人母亲的母乳，和 在田野里玩耍。 这项提议的目的是更好地描述地震的规模和 儿童接触杀虫剂的途径。四个具体目标 是：(1)测定产前和产后有机磷农药 接触农场工人子女并确定人口水平的特征 暴露的相关因素；(2)表征农药在 环境媒体沿着将儿童与 使用杀虫剂；(3)描述幼虫易接触杀虫剂的行为 (4)开发多媒体多途径杀虫剂 暴露评估模型。为了达到具体目标1，我们将衡量 550名母亲尿液中有机磷代谢产物水平的检测 在怀孕期间和孩子6、12、24和26岁时的尿液中 OP代谢物水平的月份和计算机描述性统计 按人口特征，例如季节、年龄、父母职业等。 为了达到目标2，我们将从550名6岁和 24个月。我们将管理一份详细的暴露问卷，并制定 屋尘、食品/饮料、父母工作中OP水平的测量 衣物、手巾和产妇尿液(用于母乳喂养6个月 老的)。为了达到具体目标3，我们将从52名儿童中选出每人10名 在6个月和24个月大的时候进行录像时间活动分析 皮肤接触和手对嘴的行为。录像带活动将是 翻译成计算机文本文件，以开发统计描述 容易暴露的行为。为了达到特定的目标4，我们将改编现有的 多媒体-研究人群和地区的模型，以模拟暴露 为农场工人的孩子准备的。此模型将使用Actual重新校准 暴露途径数据(来自特定目标2)和暴露倾向行为 数据(来自具体目标3)，以提高我们可以 为该人群和其他人群确定重要的接触途径， 儿童接触杀虫剂的行为和途径。这个 这项研究的最终目标是确定最重要的暴露 为幼儿提供有效和适龄的途径 可以设计干预措施和政策。

Recent studies show that young children can be highly exposed to pesticides due to their normal oral exploration of their environment and their level of dermal contact with floors and other surfaces. Farmworker children may be exposed to even higher pesticide levels as a result of pesticides tracked into their homes by farmworker household members, by pesticide drift, by breast milk from their farmworker mother, and by playing in the fields. The purpose of this proposal is to better characterize the magnitude and pathways of pesticide exposure to young children. The four specific aims are: (1) to measure prenatal and postnatal organophosphate pesticide exposure to farmworker children and to characterize population-level correlates of exposure; (2) to characterize pesticide concentrations in environmental media along exposure pathways that link children to pesticide use; (3) to describe the exposure-prone behavior of young children; and (4) to develop a multimedia multi-pathway pesticide exposure-assessment model. To meet specific aim 1, we will measure the level of organophosphates (OP) metabolites in the urine of 550 mothers during pregnancy and in the urine of their children at 6, 12, 24 and 26 months and computer descriptive statistics for the OP metabolites levels by population characteristics, e.g. season, age, parental occupation, etc. To meet aim 2, we will select from the 550 children 52 each at ages 6 and 24 months. We will administer a detailed exposure questionnaire and make measurements of OP levels in house-dust, food/beverage, parents' work clothing, hand-wipes, and maternal urine (for breast-feeding 6 month olds). To meet specific aim 3, we will select from the 52 children 10 each at ages 6 and 24 months to conduct a video-taped time-activity analysis of dermal contact and hand-to-mouth behaviors. Video-taped activities will be translated into computer text files to develop statistical descriptions of exposure-prone behavior. To meet specific aim 4, we will adapt an existing multimedia-model to the study population and region to simulate exposures for farmworker children. This model will be re-calibrated using actual exposure pathway data (from specific aim 2) and exposure-prone behavior data (from specific aim 3) to increase the reliability with which we can identify for this and other populations important exposure routes, behaviors, and pathways for children's exposures to pesticides. The ultimate goal of this research is to identify the most important exposure pathways for young children so that effective and age-appropriate interventions and policies can be designed.