AN IMPLICIT SCALING MODEL OF COMPARATIVE JUDGMENT

我们的大部分常识都是关于 的对象。 通常，这些属性构成了一个位置， “可分级”的底层连续体（例如，冷、热等）。 的 早期提案的主要目的是记录类似的影响， 关于分类判断的上下文（例如，“鲸鱼很大”）和关系 判断（例如，“鲸鱼比跳蚤大”）。 的重点 目前的建议是为这些财产的用途建立一个正式的模型 知识，并将此帐户扩展到语义的影响 根据这些判断。 本建议假设，可分级属性的评估， 与当前背景相关的规范。 在这种概念化中， 当前上下文被描述为“参考类”，规范是 被描述为位于最极端值的“参考点” 与引用类关联。 根据所提出的模型， 比较判断，相对大小是通过比较 每个备选方案到公共参考点的距离。 这些 机制扩展到分类判断，假设这些 判断是通过比较物体和物体之间的距离来做出的。 一个标准的参照点。 提出了额外的实验， 测试假设概念范畴发挥重要作用， 建立参考类。 理解语义记忆中的这些基本问题至关重要 对于确定某些人的记忆障碍的确切性质 痴呆的形式。 例如，老年痴呆症患者似乎 在正常老年人中不存在的受损的语义记忆功能（Nebes， 1989年）。 目前，尚不清楚这些损伤是否源于 主要是由于语义信息的丢失， 这些信息或随后对其使用的限制。 分辨率为 这些问题是不可能的，在缺乏足够的语义理论， 记忆

Much of our general world knowledge is about the properties and attributes of objects. Frequently, these properties constitute a location on an underlying continuum that is "gradable" (e.g., cold, hot, etc.). The primary aim of an earlier proposal was to document similar effects of context on categorical judgments (e.g., "whales are large") and relational judgments (e.g., "whales are larger than fleas"). The focus of the current proposal is to develop a formal model of these uses of property knowledge and to extend this account to the effects of semantic organization on these judgments. This proposal assumes that gradable properties are evaluated with respect to norms associated with the current context. In this conceptualization, the current context is described as a "reference class" and the norms are described as "reference points" located at the most extreme values associated with the reference class. According to the proposed model of comparative judgment, relative magnitude is determined by comparing the distances of each alternative to a common reference point. These mechanisms are extended to categorical judgments by assuming that these judgments are made by comparing the distance between an object and a reference point to a criterion. Additional experiments are proposed to test the hypothesis that conceptual categories play an important role in establishing reference classes. An understanding of these fundamental issues in semantic memory is crucial to a determination of the exact nature of memory impairments in certain forms of dementia. For example, Alzheimer patients appear to have impaired semantic memory function that is absent in the normal old (Nebes, 1989). Currently, it is not known whether these impairments stem primarily from a loss of semantic information, reduced accessibility of this information, or subsequent limitations on its use. A resolution of these issues is unlikely in the absence of adequate theories of semantic memory.