A vision of healthy urban design for NCD prevention

非传染性疾病（NCD），如癌症、心脏病、II型糖尿病、哮喘等慢性呼吸系统疾病和精神健康状况不佳，是英国和澳大利亚最常见的一些死亡原因。我们的城市设计在预防这些慢性疾病方面发挥着重要作用，并对其公民的生活质量和预期寿命产生重大影响。然而，在快速发展的城市时代，城市设计师、城市规划者和公共卫生从业人员对于如何最好地设计我们的城市以预防非传染性疾病及其已知的风险因素仍然知之甚少。这个建议是创新的，因为我们正在利用来自城市设计、公共卫生和计算机科学等不同学科的科学家的观点。通过新颖的方法，我们的目标是更好地了解我们的城市设计如何影响英国和澳大利亚的非传染性疾病及其已知的风险因素，以及我们如何最好地实现更好的变化。我们的总体目标是提供证据和工具，以支持城市规划和卫生部门更好地了解如何设计城市以预防非传染性疾病。我们还将让当地公民参与讨论我们的调查结果，以便他们能够有效和有力地倡导自己城市的变革。该研究项目有以下目标：1。使用计算机视觉和人工智能的新方法探索英国和澳大利亚城市中城市设计与非传染性疾病之间的关系。调查城市内不同的设计如何影响包括非传染性疾病在内的健康不平等。结合不同来源的数据，调查城市设计导致非传染性疾病的机制。学习不同的城市设计方法如何预防非传染性疾病及其已知的风险因素。5 .为当地公民、城市设计师和规划者、公共卫生从业人员和政策制定者制定一套行动工具包，帮助为未来的政策提供信息，并在城市中促成有力、可行的变革。在公共卫生科学、城市设计和计算机科学方面建立跨学科研究能力的遗产，并具有明确的影响途径。该项目涉及3个工作包。第一种方法是建立城市设计与非传染性疾病之间关系的证据基础。这将包括两个层面的分析：城市层面和个人层面。这承认人们的健康受到周围环境的影响，同时也受到整个城市组织方式的影响。这将有助于我们更好地了解建筑环境的哪些特征与城市设计、非传染性疾病及其已知的风险因素有关，例如缺乏体育锻炼、饮食不良、吸烟、饮酒和暴露于空气污染中。然后，进一步的一揽子工作将测试我们城市设计的变化，以分析它们将如何帮助预防非传染性疾病和减少已知的风险因素。研究结果将有助于为未来的政策和做法提供信息，从而在城市设计方面做出可操作的改变，使城市成为人们更健康的居住地。最后，我们将开发一个工具包，供城市设计师和规划者、公共卫生从业人员、学生、政策制定者和当地公民用来倡导和游说对其城市进行可行的健康变革。在研究结束时，我们将与来自不同研究领域的专家会面，以帮助我们进一步解释我们的发现，并发现它们如何适用于其他背景和城市，以预防非传染性疾病。

Non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as cancer, heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory conditions like asthma, and poor mental health, are some of the most common causes of death in the UK and Australia. The design of our cities play an important role in preventing these chronic diseases and have a significant consequent impact on the quality of life and life expectancy of their citizens. However, in a rapidly evolving urban age, urban designers, urban planners and public health practitioners still know surprisingly little about how best to design our cities in order to prevent NCD and their known risk factors. This proposal is innovative because we are harnessing perspectives of scientists from a wide range of different disciplines across urban design, public health and computer science. Through novel methods, we aim to provide better understanding of how the design of our cities impacts on NCD and their known risk factors in the UK and Australia, and how we can best effect change for the better.Our overarching aim is to generate evidence and tools to support the urban planning and health sectors to better understand how to design our cities to prevent NCD. We will also involve local citizens in discussions about our findings so they can effectively and powerfully advocate for change in their own cities. The research project has the following objectives:1. Use new methods in computer vision and artificial intelligence to explore the relation between urban design and NCD in cities across the UK and Australia.2. Investigate how different designs within cities impact on health inequalities including NCD.3. Combine data from different sources to investigate the mechanisms by which the design of our cities causes NCD.4. Learn lessons about how different ways of designing our cities prevent NCD and their known risk factors.5. Develop a toolkit for action for local citizens, urban designers and planners, public health practitioners and policy makers, to help inform future policies and lead to powerful, actionable changes in the city.6. To build a legacy of transdisciplinary research capacity in public health science, urban design and computer science, with clear pathways to impact.The project involves 3 work packages. The first involves building the evidence base on the relationship between urban design and NCD. This will be comprised of two levels of analysis: the city level and individual level. This acknowledges that people's health is affected by their immediate environment and, at same time, by the way the entire city is organised. This will help us better understand which features of the built environment are associated with city designs, NCD and their known risk factors, such as not being physically active, having poor diet, smoking, consuming alcohol and being exposed to air pollution. A further work package will then test changes to the design of our cities to analyse how they will help prevent NCD and reduce known risk factors. The findings will help inform future policies and practices leading to actionable changes in the design of our cities to make them healthier places for people to live. Finally, we will develop a toolkit that urban designers and planners, public health practitioners, students, policymakers and local citizens can use to advocate and lobby for actionable healthy changes to their cities. At the end of the study we will meet with experts from different fields of research, to help us further interpret our findings and discover how they might apply to other contexts and cities to prevent NCD.