Ivermectin Treatment of Livestock for Malaria Control on Sumba Island

防治疟疾的进展已经停滞不前。迫切需要控制疟疾的新方法，以帮助全球和印度尼西亚消除疟疾的努力。伊维菌素是一种可以安全地给予人类或动物的药物，可以使他们的血液对传播疟疾的按蚊致死。印度尼西亚已经表明，拥有牲畜会增加疟疾传播的风险，松巴岛上的人把牲畜放在房子下面，可能会吸引更多的按蚊，增加他们感染疟疾的风险。我们建议用伊维菌素治疗家畜，并评估这种药物对Sumba野生按蚊的效果。如果大规模推广，这一控制措施可以阻断疟疾的传播，并提供治疗农场动物蠕虫疾病的好处。此外，我们将与社区合作，展示用伊维菌素治疗动物以抗击疟疾的潜在益处。我们将举行小型会议，听取社区、公共卫生工作者和政府官员对这一潜在控制措施的看法。了解社区的观点将使我们能够制定最有效的方法，在松巴和印度尼西亚其他地区扩大和遵守这一管制措施。Sumba上有许多按蚊物种，我们对它们对人或牲畜的摄食偏好知之甚少。我们将使用人和牲畜诱饵来表征按蚊在Sumba上的取食行为，以更好地了解如果在Sumba实施伊维菌素治疗牲畜的效果如何。如果这里显示出积极的结果，那么这种干预措施可以在印度尼西亚和世界其他地区复制，以消除疟疾。

Progress against malaria has stalled. New ways to control malaria are urgently needed to aid malaria elimination efforts both globally and in Indonesia. Ivermectin is a drug that can be safely given to humans or animals that makes their blood lethal to Anopheles mosquitoes that transmit malaria. It has been shown in Indonesia that ownership of livestock increases the risk of malaria transmission, and people on Sumba Island keep their livestock underneath their house, potentially attracting more Anopheles and increasing their risk of contracting malaria. We propose to treat livestock with ivermectin and evaluate how effective this is against wild Anopheles on Sumba. This control measure could interrupt the transmission of malaria if deployed on wide scale, and provide benefits of treating worm diseases in the farm animals. Additionally, we will engage the community to demonstrate the potential benefits of treating animals with ivermectin to thwart malaria. We will hold small meetings to gain the community, public health workers, and government officials' perspective on this potential control measure. Understanding the community perspective would allow us to develop the most effective ways to expand and achieve compliance with this control measure on Sumba and other areas of Indonesia. There are many Anopheles species on Sumba and we know very little about their feeding preferences for humans or livestock. We will use both human and livestock baited traps to characterize the feeding behavior of Anopheles on Sumba to gain a better understanding about how effective ivermectin treatment of livestock could be if implemented on Sumba. If positive results shown here, then this intervention could be reproduced throughout Indonesia and other areas of the world to eliminate malaria.