ALCOHOL ADVERTISING EFFECTS ON UNDERAGE DRINKING

申请者摘要：这项研究将采用前瞻性设计来 检查从酒精广告到酒精预期的因果路径，并 南达科他州约6200名样本的饮酒行为 青少年，包括500多名美洲原住民(拉科塔)青年。每年四次 计划进行一波又一波的数据收集。研究样本将包括两个 队列：第一次调查时在8年级入学的年龄较大的队列和 第一次调查时，年纪较小的孩子就读于四年级和五年级。合并后的 样本将使我们能够追踪广告和酒精之间的联系 从儿童发展的角度看期待和饮酒，并将重点放在 关于青春期的两个高度脆弱的时期--就在之前和之后 过渡到初中和高中。调查数据将包括 接触和意识到酒精广告，积极和消极的 酒精预期、特定饮料类型的饮酒行为，以及 个人背景特征。社区级别的数据也将 收集以检测有关酒精使用的政策的变化， 年轻人的可获得性和需求。年龄较大群体中的青少年 已经参加了Project ALERT PLUS的年度调查， 以学校为基础的药物/酒精预防课程的随机现场试验 它跨越了初中和高中阶段。通过将Alert Plus与 建议的研究，我们可以测试酒精广告的效果是否 被本课程缓和(削弱)，并检查通过以下过程 缓和的影响发生了。具体目标是：(1)前瞻性地确定 酒精广告、酒精预期和未成年人之间的联系 饮酒，并测试酒精预期在多大程度上调节 酒类广告对未成年人饮酒的影响；(2)确定 酒类广告对饮酒预期和未成年人饮酒的影响 与性别、种族等背景特征有关的不同 (怀特和拉科塔)、年龄和其他因素；(3)决定是否以及如何 基于学校的药物/酒精预防课程改变了酒精的影响 对饮酒预期和未成年人饮酒进行广告宣传；(四)确定 社区饮酒相关政策的差异是否会改变影响 关于酒精预期和未成年饮酒的酒精广告。

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: This study will employ a prospective design to examine causal pathways from alcohol advertising to alcohol expectancies and drinking behavior in a sample of approximately 6,200 South Dakota adolescents, including over 500 Native American (Lakota) youth. Four annual waves of data collection are planned. The study sample will include two cohorts: an older cohort enrolled in 8th grade when first surveyed and a younger one enrolled in 4th and 5th grade when first surveyed. The combined sample will enable us to trace links between advertising, alcohol expectancies, and drinking in a child-development perspective and to focus on two highly vulnerable periods of adolescence--just before and after transitions to middle school and high school. Survey data will cover exposure to and awareness of alcohol advertising, positive and negative alcohol expectancies, drinking behavior for specific beverage types, and individual background characteristics. Community-level data will also be collected to detect variation in policies regarding alcohol use, availability and demand among young people. Adolescents in the older cohort are already participating in annual surveys for Project ALERT PLUS, a randomized field trial of a school based drug/alcohol prevention curriculum that spans the middle- and high-school years. By merging ALERT PLUS with the proposed study, we can test whether effects of alcohol advertising are moderated (weakened) by this curriculum and examine the processes by which moderating influences occur. Specific aims are: (1) identify prospectively the links between alcohol advertising, alcohol expectancies, and underage drinking, and test the degree to which alcohol expectancies mediate the impact of alcohol advertising on underage drinking; (2) determine whether effects of alcohol advertising on alcohol expectancies and underage drinking vary in relation to background characteristics including sex, ethnicity (White and Lakota), age, and other factors; (3) determine whether and how a school-based drug/alcohol prevention curriculum alters the impact of alcohol advertising on alcohol expectancies and underage drinking; and (4) determine whether community differences in drinking relevant policies alter the impact of alcohol advertising on alcohol expectancies and underage drinking.