The Future of Good Decisions: An Evolutionary Approach to Human-AI Government Administrative Decision-Making

行政决策是政府的一个核心方面，影响着我们的日常生活。诸如评估签证申请或计算社会保障权利等决策都受到法律的监管，以确保决策者合法、公平地使用权力。这反映了“法治”的价值观，旨在使治理问责、公平和透明。在实践层面上，这些价值观是由“好的决策”协议来维护的，这些协议指导个人决策者做到公正、彻底和理性。但是决策正在经历一场“安静的革命”。随着人工智能（AI）越来越多地被用于提高行政决策的效率，人们越来越担心它与法治不相容。大数据、神经网络和算法的规模、速度、复杂性和分散性破坏了人类决策的核心程序预期和当前的“好决策”指导，很难用人脑来检验。政府正在重塑人工智能的某些方面，以尽量减少偏见，最大限度地提高透明度。但知名学者提出了一个更深层次的问题：我们的法治价值观在基本层面上与算法技术不相容——但这是我们评估政府决策的唯一标准。这项研究将提出这样的问题：在一个人类和人工智能越来越“共同决策”的政府中，我们对“好决策”的看法如何演变？过去，法律体系发生了根本性的变化；吸收新技术，如印刷机，或现代科学推理。良好的政府常常涉及问人的意义是什么，以及如何相应地设计制度。但今天，这些问题有了不同的面貌。人工智能的到来不仅让我们迫切需要重新思考决策中的推理质量，还需要重新思考决策是人类个体思维的产物，不受技术和物质领域的影响。随着物理、数字和生物的不断模糊，这种情况将越来越难以持续。为了更好地治理新的“科技社会”生活，我们做出和评估决策的方式的下一步发展将是什么？该奖学金将整合跨学科的知识和方法，以深入反思和重新设计“良好决策”的核心概念，以迎接人类与技术、法律和设计系统之间没有明确对立的时代。将人工智能对协商治理的破坏理解为进化的变化，它包含了一种新的“生态”法律观的需求，这种法律观来自社交网络，并与生活的基本原则联系在一起。它将从进化哲学、法律理论和关键的人工智能研究中获取丰富的文献来重新理论化决策，并利用创造性领域的实践方法来探索决策的新程序和技术模型。它将带领来自法律、科学、政府和人文学科的专家测试和合作重建这些模型，使用“预示”的“真人角色扮演”方法来学习决策设计、监管和评估如何在网络化的数字公众中发挥作用。这项研究在法律理论方面取得了重大进展，将通过仔细重新思考决策的规范基础来支持实践变革。它将在专家律师和法官的指导下，将其见解融入当代法律理论和政府实践，引领数字时代治理的具体改进之路。该奖学金将领导协调的智力、创造性、协作性和实践性变革，这些变革是应对人工智能为治理带来的挑战和机遇所必需的。它将讲述一个关于人类、法律和技术共同进化的引人入胜的新故事，并为新一代思想家提供法律、科学、技术和文化的综合观点。

Administrative decision-making is a core aspect of government, affecting our daily lives. Decisions, such as assessing visa applications or calculating social security entitlements, are regulated by law that ensures decision-makers use their power lawfully and fairly. This reflects 'rule of law' values, aiming to make governance accountable, fair and transparent. At the practical level, these values are upheld by 'good decisions' protocols that guide individual decision-makers to be impartial, thorough and rational. But decision-making is undergoing a 'quiet revolution'. As Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to make administrative decisions more effective in a technologizing world, concern is growing over its incompatibility with the rule of law. The scale, speed, complexity and decentralisation of big data, neural networks and algorithms disrupt the central procedural expectations of human decision-making and current 'good decisions' guidance, being difficult to examine with the human brain. Work is underway to reshape some aspects of AI in government, to minimise bias and maximise transparency. But leading scholars suggest a deeper problem: our rule of law values are incompatible with algorithmic technology at a basic level-yet these are the only standards we have for evaluating government decisions.This research will ask: how can our ideas of 'good decisions' evolve for a government where humans and AI increasingly 'co-decide'? Legal systems have seen radical change in the past; absorbing new technologies like the printing press, or modern scientific reasoning. Good government has often involved asking what it means to be human, and how to design institutions accordingly. But today, these problems have a different complexion. The arrival of AI makes it urgent to rethink not only the quality of reasoning in decisions, but the basic idea of decisions as the product of individual human thought, immune from the technological and material sphere. This will be ever less sustainable as the physical, digital and biological continue to blur. What will be the next evolution in the way we make and evaluate decisions, for the good governance of a new 'techno-social' life?This fellowship will unite the interdisciplinary knowledge and methods necessary to deeply rethink and redesign the central notion of 'good decisions', for a coming age without clear oppositions between humans and technology, law and designed systems. Understanding AI's disruption to deliberative governance as evolutionary change, it embraces the need for a new 'ecological' view of law as emerging from social networks, and connected to fundamental principles of life. It will enlist rich literatures from the philosophy of evolution, legal theory and critical AI studies to retheorise decision-making, and leverage practical approaches in the creative sphere to explore new procedural and technological models for decisions. It will lead experts from across law, science, government and the humanities to test and collaboratively remake these models, using 'prefigurative' 'Live Action Role Play' methods to learn how decision design, regulation and evaluation might work in a networked, digital public. Making a major advance in legal theory, this research will underpin practical change by carefully rethinking decision-making's normative foundations. It will integrate its insights into contemporary legal doctrine and government practice with guidance from expert lawyers and judges, leading the way to concrete improvements in governance for the digital age.This fellowship will lead the coordinated intellectual, creative, collaborative and practical change that is necessary to confront the challenge - and opportunity - that AI presents for governance. It will tell a compelling new story about the co-evolution of humans, law and technology, and equip a new generation of thinkers to work with an integrated view of law, science, technology and culture.