Reconfiguring Heritage: Present Engagements with Communities' Pasts for Resilient Futures

国内冲突事件的增加，以及维护权力和控制领土的愿望，使文化遗产成为战争的主要目标，将遗产定位为紧张和暴力的根源。为了应对这一问题，并减轻受到威胁的遗产的损失，人们越来越关注脆弱和受冲突影响地区（faccs）遗产的保护和保存。然而，仅在过去的二十年里，中东和北非就发生了前所未有的遗产暴力事件，包括巴米扬的佛像遭到破坏，美军在伊拉克对巴比伦古城进行了大规模破坏，马里的神圣坟墓遭到亵渎，埃及的科普特教堂遭到抢劫和焚烧，以及伊斯兰国对伊拉克和叙利亚丰富多样的遗产造成的巨大破坏。这些事件表明，目前的国际机制未能确保承认和尊重各种动态形式的文化遗产，目前框架的局限性已得到广泛承认。该项目将通过一种新颖的跨学科方法来弥补这些差距，该方法将遗产、地理、国际关系和法律领域的研究结合起来，制定创新的解决方案、新的协议和工具包，以理解、参与和保护受到威胁的遗产。推进“和平遗产”的概念，关注遗产倡导和平的潜力，以及和平作为保护各种各样不断变化的遗产的一种手段，该项目研究了如何构思和使用与社区遗产的情感接触和接触，并将其应用于faccc的日常和平与抵抗行动中，以应对迫害、流离失所和压迫，并作为一种重建和复原的形式。该项目与伊拉克、叙利亚和约旦的同行研究人员合作，探索遗产的多样性、争议和细微差别，以及归属的实践也可能是排斥的实践的方式。因此，它揭示了中东年轻人重新配置遗产的方式，以及这对重新配置他们的社区的影响和影响。它还探索了分享和学习遗产的机会，作为促进跨越差异的和平相遇的手段。通过创造性的方法，将民族志和参与性方法与收容社区和流离失所的年轻人结合在一起，并将这些方法本身用作探索如何在研究过程中增强和平、信任和能动性的手段，本项目提出：1)在暴力和流离失所之后，遗产在培养和平方面可以发挥什么作用？生活在恐惧、剥夺和不安全中的年轻人是如何接触、参与和创造遗产的？b.年轻人在日常的和平、抵抗和/或排斥行动中以何种方式利用遗产？这与人权、安全和福祉有什么关系？这些知识对与遗产和/或和平有关的国际、国家和社区项目和框架有什么影响？这项研究将与来自三个国家的同行研究人员以及地方、国家和国际层面的主要利益攸关方合作，产生纵向和背景知情的研究——跨越地理边界和时间——植根于当地文化、历史、身份和知识。此外，通过在设计、方法、分析和产出方面强调合作的方法，该项目为非殖民化研究和建设和平倡议铺平了道路，以证明如何利用文化权利实现正义、公平、福祉和安全。

Increased incidents of internal conflict, along with the desire to assert power and control territory, has seen cultural heritage become a key target in warfare, positioning heritage as a source of tension and violence. In response to this and to mitigate against the loss of heritage under threat, there has been an increased focus on the protection and preservation of heritage in fragile and conflict affected contexts (FCACs). However, the last two decades alone have seen unprecedented levels of heritage violence across the Middle East and North Africa, including the destruction of the Buddhas in Bamiyan, wide-scale damage to the ancient city of Babylon by US forces in Iraq, the desecration of sacred tombs in Mali, the looting and burning of Coptic Churches in Egypt, and the vast devastation wrought by Daesh to the rich and diverse heritage of Iraq and Syria. Such incidents illustrate the failure of current international mechanisms to ensure recognition and respect for cultural heritage in all its dynamic forms, with the limitations of current frameworks widely recognised. This project will redress these gaps through a novel and interdisciplinary approach that draws together studies in the fields of heritage, geography, international relations, and law to develop innovative solutions and new protocols and toolkits for understanding, engaging and preserving heritage under threat.Advancing the notion of 'pacific heritage' which attends to the potential of heritage to advocate peace, and peace as a means of protecting heritage in all its myriad and changing forms, this project investigates how affective encounters and engagements with community heritage are conceived and employed in embodied acts of everyday peace and resistance in FCACs in response to persecution, displacement and oppression, and as a form of remaking and resilience. Working alongside peer-researchers in in Iraq, Syria, and Jordan this project explores the diversity, contestations and nuances contingent in heritage and the ways in which practices of belonging can also be practices of exclusion. As such, it unravels the ways in which heritage is being reconfigured by young people in the Middle East and the impacts and affects this has in reconfiguring their communities. It also explores opportunities for sharing and learning about heritage as a means of facilitating peaceful encounters across difference.Through creative methodologies that weave together ethnographic and participatory methods with host community and displaced youth - with the methods themselves used as a means of exploring how peace, trust and agency can be enhanced within the research process - this project asks:1) What role can heritage play in cultivating peace in the aftermath of violence and displacement?a. How is heritage encountered, engaged with, and produced by young people living amidst fear, dispossession, and insecurity? b. In what ways is heritage employed by young people in everyday acts of peace, resistance, and/or exclusion? How does this relate to human rights, security, and wellbeing?c. What are the implications of this knowledge for international, national, and community-based projects and frameworks related to heritage and/or peace?Working with peer-researchers across three countries and key stakeholders at the local, national, and international levels, this study will generate longitudinal and contextually informed research - across geographic boundaries and time - that is rooted in local cultures, histories, identities and knowledges. Moreover, through an approach that foregrounds collaboration, in the design, methods, analysis and outputs, this project paves the way for decolonising research and peacebuilding initiatives to evidence how cultural rights can be used in the realisation of justice, equity, wellbeing, and security.