TRANSFER OF NEURAL ENERGY BETWEEN HUMAN SUBJECTS

该项目的长期目标是开发和利用神经生理学技术来评估身心医学领域出现的假设;特别是，意识状态可以在远处发挥生物效应的可能性（即，“远程治疗”）。 目的是试图复制Grinberg-Zylberbaum等人（1994）的EEG发现，该发现表明通过光刺激在一个人脑（受试者A）中产生的视觉诱发电位可以在位于一定距离（14.5米）处并且没有视觉刺激的另一个人类受试者（受试者B）的脑中产生相关的EEG信号。 该项目将分三个阶段进行。首先，我们将识别在p小于0.01的显著性水平下在光刺激期间具有与受试者A交叉相关的诱发电位的受试者对。 如果无法确定配对，我们将继续入组并测试多达50对受试者。 如果到项目时间线结束时，无法使用该p值识别出表现出该现象的受试者对，则我们将拒绝神经能量发生远程转移的假设，并报告无法复制原始研究。 如果我们检测到大于或等于5对符合标准的受试者，我们将尝试使用p小于0.001的更高标准在这些对中进行复制。 如果格林伯格-泽尔伯鲍姆等人。的实验可以在两个阶段重复，项目小组将进入第三阶段，利用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）作为两个人脑之间信息传递的第二个独立神经生理学测量方法，在已确定的人类受试者对中研究相同的现象。 我们将记录远程个体的fMRI（枕叶、颞叶、额叶和顶叶），而位于单独腔室中的对应个体则以开关模式接收光刺激。 我们将确定是否有统计学上的显着差异，数字化功能磁共振成像在灯光与灯光关闭条件。 本项目的主要结局指标将是使用交叉相关和zscore测试检测受试者B中的转移诱发信号（EEG和fMRI实验）的统计分析的二进制（是-否）输出。 将使用适当的对照品。 本研究为定量研究心理事件远距离效应的特点和神经机制提供了技术和方法。这种实验方法将有助于研究“身心医学”的基本机制。"

The long-term goal of this project is to develop and utilize neurophysiological techniques to evaluate hypotheses emerging from the field of mind-body medicine; specifically, the possibility that conscious states can exert biological effects at a distance (i.e., "distant healing"). The purpose is to attempt to replicate the EEG findings of Grinberg-Zylberbaum et al. (1994) suggesting that visual evoked potentials generated in one human brain (Subject A) by photostimulation can generate a correlated EEG signal in the brain of another human subject (subject B) who is located at a distance (14.5 meters) and who is not visually stimulated. The project will occur in three stages. First we will identify pairs of subjects who have cross- correlated evoked potentials during photostimulation to Subject A at the p less than .01 level of significance. If no pairs can be identified we will continue to enroll and test up to 50 pairs of subjects. If pairs of subjects that demonstrate the phenomenon cannot be identified using this p value by the end of the project time line we will reject the hypothesis that remote transfer of neural energy occurs and report failure to replicate the original study. If we detect greater than or equal to 5 pairs of subjects who meet the criteria we will attempt to replicate in those pairs using a higher criteria of p less than .001. If Grinberg- Zylberbaum et al.'s experiment can be replicated at both stages, the project team will go to stage 3 to investigate the same phenomenon in the identified pairs of human subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as a second independent neurophysiological measure of transfer of information between two human brains. We will record fMRIs (occiptal, temporal, frontal and parietal) in the remote individual while their counterpart, located in a separate chamber, is receiving light stimulation in an on-off pattern. We will determine if there are statistically significant differences in digitized fMRI during lights on vs lights off conditions. The main outcome measures for this project will be the binary (yes-no) output from statistical analysis using cross-correlational and zscore testing for the detection of a transferred evoked signal (in both EEG and fMRI experiments) in Subject B. Appropriate controls will be used. If replicated, this study will provide a useful technology and method to quantitatively investigate the characteristics and neural mechanisms of remote effects of "mental events." Such experimental methods will assist in the investigation of basic mechanisms involved in "mind-body medicine."