Calibration and Cleaning of Magnetic Satellite Data

地磁场是地球的一个基本且非常有用的属性，无论是在实际方面（用于导航、工业应用和资源勘探）还是在学术方面，它都能告诉我们地球的各个部分——特别是地核的演化、地壳的结构和全球构造的历史，以及海洋的运动。它也是保护我们免受有害空间辐射的一个重要组成部分。为了使用和理解这个领域，第一步是建立它的数学模型。最好的模型是利用近地轨道卫星的数据制作的；随着欧洲航天局Swarm任务的发射，一个特殊的新机会即将到来。Swarm是一个专门的磁场测量任务，由三颗卫星组成，它们以一种特殊的优化配置飞行，可以告诉我们磁场的情况。大部分地磁场来自地球内部，但地球上方的源也有贡献——当试图模拟地球主磁场时，这是“噪音”。在这个项目中，我们将开发新的方法来更好地处理这种噪声，从而使用Swarm的数据来产生更精确和更高分辨率的地磁场模型。

The geomagnetic field is a fundamental and very useful property of the Earth, both in practical terms (for navigation, industrial applications and resource exploration) and in academic terms, for what it can tell us about various parts of the Earth - particularly the evolution of Earth's core, the structure of the Earth's crust and history of global tectonics, and also the motion of the oceans. It is also a major component in our protection from harmful space radiation. In order to use and understand the field, a first step is to produce mathematical models of it. The best models are made using data from low-Earth orbiting satellites; a particular new opportunity is about to become available with the launch of the European Space Agency mission Swarm, a dedicated magnetic measurement mission consisting of three satellites flying in a particular configuration optimised to tell us about the field. The majority of the geomagnetic field comes from within the Earth, but sources above the Earth also make a contribution - this is 'noise' when trying to model the main field of the Earth. In this project, we will develop new methodologies of better dealing with this noise, so as to use data from Swarm to produce more accurate and higher resolution models of the geomagnetic field.