Multiscale whole systems modelling and analysis for CO2 capture, transport and storage

英国的温室气体减排目标具有挑战性。据信，碳捕获和储存（CCS）将在未来的能源系统中发挥关键作用，部分是为了支持脱碳目标，部分是为了在未来的系统中提供电网灵活性，包括大部分响应性较低的低碳能源系统（例如核基荷和间歇性风力）。这里提出的整个系统建模和分析方案旨在通过降低技术风险和确定性能瓶颈来支持更广泛的英国举措。CCS将需要在捕获和运输系统以及储存综合体管理方面进行大量资本投资。虽然通过建模和实验研究了整个链条的组成部分，但对整个系统进行评估的工作很少。对于CCS等复杂系统，在大规模部署之前进行整体系统评估至关重要，因为它可以识别组件之间的关键集成和交互问题，并根据组件设计参数评估整体系统性能。因此，整个系统可以被优化;简单地优化单个组件的设计可能会导致次优的系统设计。拟议的研究方法是基于多尺度建模。这涉及到为各个组成部分开发适合目的的模型，这些模型描述在不同长度和时间尺度上运作的现象，并支持跨尺度的整合和数据交换。其原因是，相对局部化的现象（例如胺洗涤器中的传质）可能会通过限制发电厂烟气流速可以调高或调低的速率来影响整个系统的瞬态响应。同样，单个组件设计中的重要性能权衡必须被表征并用于整个系统设计。关于未来的CCS系统，有许多重要问题有待解决;申请人认为，多尺度系统建模方法是开发相关见解和指导的理想方法。通过整个系统建模、分析和优化解决的问题的例子包括：-制定和应用一种方法，优化整个CCS系统设计（包括其重要的各个组成部分）的分阶段演变，包括补充来源和储存地点的位置，平衡长期和短期投资的必要性。- 通过适用于目的的模型（例如能够量化有害物质痕量排放的模型）和严格的生命周期分析，对替代CCS系统进行综合评估。- 描述集成系统的瞬态性能（在实际操作中如何执行？），了解它是否会影响与之连接的更广泛的能源系统的灵活性，安全关键组件是什么，网络的动态稳定性和可操作性瓶颈-了解系统集成问题-与系统中不同组件相关的不同现象如何导致影响在网络中传播（例如，捕获的CO2、运输网络和储存复合体中杂质的影响）。在设计和操作整个系统时必须考虑的重要因素是什么？该方案的结果将与对CCS感兴趣的广泛的利益攸关方有关，包括工业、管理和政策机构以及学术界。该项目最重要的贡献将是：-提供设计和分析未来CCS系统的方法-深入了解系统设计和运行中涉及的最重要的相互作用-量化（经济性，环境影响，安全性和可操作性）英国CCS系统的性能

The UK has challenging GHG reduction targets. It is believed that carbon capture and storage (CCS) will play a critical role in the energy systems of the future, in part to support the decarbonisation objective and in part to provide grid flexibility in a future system including a large fraction of less responsive low carbon energy systems (e.g. nuclear baseload and intermittent wind). The whole systems modelling and analysis programme proposed here is designed to support wider UK initiatives by reducing technological risk and identifying performance bottlenecks. CCS will require substantial capital investment in capture and transport systems and storage complex management. Although elements of the whole chain have been studied through modelling and experimentation, there is little work on whole system assessment. For complex systems such as CCS, whole system assessment is vital ahead of large scale deployment as it identifies critical integration and interaction issues between the components and evaluates whole system performance as a function of component design parameters. Thus the whole system may be optimised; simply optimising the design of individual components is likely to result in a sub-optimal system design. The proposed research methodology is based on multiscale modelling. This involves the development of fit-for-purpose models of the individual components which describe phenomena that operate over different length and time scales and which support integration and data exchange across scales. The reason for this is that relatively localised phenomena (e.g. mass transfer in an amine scrubber) might affect the overall system transient response by limiting the rate at which the power plant flue gas flowrate can be turned up or down. Similarly, the important performance trade-offs in individual component designs must be characterised and used for overall system design. There are a number of important issues to be resolved regarding future CCS systems; the applicants believe that multiscale systems modelling approach is ideal to develop relevant insights and guidance. Examples of the issues to be addressed through whole systems modelling, analysis and optimisation include: - The development and application of a methodology to optimise the time-phased evolution of the whole CCS system design (incorporating its important individual components), including sources to recruit and location of storage sites, balancing long-term and short-term investment imperatives. - Performing integrated assessments of alternative CCS systems, through the application of fit-for-purpose models (e.g. those able to quantify trace emissions of harmful substances) and rigorous life-cycle based analyses. - Characterising the transient performance of the integrated system (how will it perform in actual operation?), understanding whether or not it affects the flexibility of the wider energy system with which it is interfaced, what the safety critical components are and the network's dynamic stability and operability bottlenecks - Understand issues of systems integration - how do the different phenomena associated with the different components in the system cause effects to propagate through the network (e.g. the effect of impurities in captured CO2, the transport network and the storage complex). What are the important considerations that must be taken into consideration when designing and operating the whole system? The outcome of the programme will be relevant to a very wide range of stakeholders interested in CCS, including industry, regulatory and policy agencies and academia. The most important contributions of the project will be: - making available methodologies to design and analyse future CCS systems - generating insights into the most important interactions involved in system design and operation - quantifying (economics, environmental impact, safety & operability) the performance of UK CCS systems