COUPLES FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE

直到最近，计划生育方案和生育率调查的重点都是妇女。自1994年国际人口与发展会议以来，人们对男性在计划生育中的作用越来越感兴趣。然而，单独针对男性或女性的计划生育计划和研究并不理想，因为从之前在选定地点进行的研究得知，丈夫和妻子的生育意愿都会影响避孕措施的使用和怀孕的可能性。这项拟议的研究更进一步，使用了来自三大洲的基于夫妇的数据，以增强我们对计划生育和生育意图的理解。该项目的目的是利用1990年代发展中国家17项人口和健康调查中接受采访的一夫一妻制夫妇的数据，分析夫妇对计划生育和生育偏好问题的配对反应，以及双方对配偶态度的看法。此外，亦会包括将於一九九八年完成的六项调查。其主要目的是：a)对夫妻双方同意或不同意目前使用避孕药具、想要更多孩子、批准计划生育和配偶对这些问题的看法进行描述性分析；b)确定夫妇对计划生育的未得到满足的需要，比较已婚妇女、男子和夫妇未得到满足的需要的水平和决定因素；以及c)确定夫妻对有关生育意愿的问题的一致/不一致反应以及其他夫妇特征对目前避孕用具使用的影响。将使用在这些调查中收集的传统人口和社会经济协变量和多项Logistic回归技术来评估同意、正确看法、未得到满足的需求和避孕措施的使用的决定因素。将根据指示对集群、选择效应和内生性进行调整。对于各种各样的环境，这项研究将首次使用标准化问题、面试程序和统计技术对夫妇进行国际比较检查。

Until recently family planning programs and fertility surveys focused on women. Since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, there has been a growing interest in the role of males in family planning. However, family planning programs and research directed either toward men or women separately are less than optimal because it is known from previous research at selected sites that both husband's and wife's fertility desires affect the use of contraception and the probability of pregnancy. The proposed research goes a step further by using couple-based data from three continents to enhance our understanding of family planning and fertility intentions. The objective of this project is to analyze husbands' and wives' paired responses to questions on family planning and fertility preferences and each spouse's perceptions of her/his partner's attitudes using data from monogamous couples interviewed in 17 Demographic and Health Surveys in developing nations during the 1990s. Six surveys to be completed in 1998 will also be included. The major aims are to: a) conduct descriptive analyses of husbands' and wives' agreement or disagreement on current use of contraception, desires for more children, approval of family planning and spousal perceptions of these, b) define unmet need for family planning for couples and compare levels and determinants of married women's, men's and couple's unmet need, and c) determine the effects of husband and wife concordant/discordant responses to questions on fertility desires, and other couple characteristics on current contraceptive use. Determinants of agreement, correct perceptions, unmet need and contraceptive use will be assessed using traditional demographic and socio-economic covariates collected in these surveys and multinomial logistic regression techniques. Adjustments for clustering, selection effects and endogeneity will be made as indicated. For a wide variety of settings this study will provide the first international comparative examination of couples using standardized questions, interview procedures and statistical techniques.