High density temperature measurements within the urban environment (HiTemp)

城市热岛（UHI）是人为影响当地气候的直接后果。许多研究都致力于研究热岛的程度和程度，以及城市温度升高对气象学、气候学、人类健康和社会的影响。尽管对热岛现象有充分的记录，研究也增加了我们的认识，但对城市地区温度的基本测量仍然非常有限。伯明翰是英国人口第二多的城市，人口超过100万，拥有明确的全民健康保险。然而，伯明翰只有两个气候站，当与复杂的异质城市形态联系在一起时，导致数据覆盖率极低。该项目的总体目标是提供一个演示传感器网络，旨在测量整个伯明翰城市的空气温度。这一目标将通过以下目标来实现：通过嵌套的传感器阵列来测量伯明翰，包括以下内容：位于伯明翰安全初级变电站的29个气象站的粗阵列；位于整个城市的学校的131个Wi-Fi空气和湿度传感器的广域阵列（每个ONS超级输出区1个）；覆盖中央商务区的细尺度阵列，由大约1个传感器组成。每平方公里50个传感器分析、处理并向用户提供数据集。数据将提供给基于网络的地理信息系统平台进行分析，以便为决策者和包括学校和学院在内的更广泛的用户群体提供信息。3. 促进业界和决策者之间的知识交流。拟议的传感器网络将提供无与伦比的数据集，这将使包括项目合作伙伴在内的许多用户受益。用户是这个提议的核心。本项目的学术研究者已经与项目伙伴建立了两个知识转移伙伴关系，项目伙伴将直接受益于本项目收集的数据：KTP与EON Central Networks合作，调查伯明翰的电网/温度依赖性（TSB/NERC资助）KTP与伯明翰市议会在社区范围内调查环境风险（如城市高温和洪水）（TSB/NERC资助）这两个合作伙伴都致力于这个项目，对建立网络的成功至关重要。EON Central Networks将提供进入整个城市安全站点的通道，伯明翰市议会将在议会拥有的照明柱上安装传感器。大部分设备也将通过特别谈判协议从项目伙伴处采购。该大学最近完成了与坎贝尔科学有限公司的KTP，坎贝尔科学有限公司将负责粗略的气象站阵列，而Aginova公司是负责Wi-Fi传感器的技术合作伙伴。这是一个雄心勃勃的项目，旨在提供三种不同规模的三种不同的传感器网络。该提案的一个独特卖点是加强已经成熟的伙伴关系，与SI-KTN的合作将进一步确保未来与新合作伙伴的合作活动。总而言之，该项目的数据将有助于回答目前正在调查的关键研究问题，例如当前和未来气候对主要城市的人口和基础设施的影响。

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a direct consequence of anthropogenic influences on our local climate. Many studies have been devoted to the study of UHI extent and magnitude, as well as the impacts increased urban temperatures have on meteorology, climatology, human health and society. Although the UHI phenomenon is well documented and studies have increased our understanding, the basic measurement of temperatures across urban areas remains very limited. Birmingham is the UK's second most populous city, with a population in excess of 1 million people and a well defined UHI. However, Birmingham has only two climate stations which when linked with the complex heterogeneous urban morphology results in extremely poor data coverage. The overall aim of this project is to provide a demonstration sensor network designed to measure air temperature across the Birmingham conurbation. This aim will be met by the following objectives: 1. Instrument Birmingham via nested arrays of sensors comprising of the following: a Coarse array of 29 weather stations across Birmingham located in secure primary electrical substations b Wide area array consisting of 131 Wi-Fi air and humidity sensors located at schools across the conurbation (1 per ONS Super Output Area) c Fine scale array covering the Central Business District and consisting of approx. 50 sensors per square kilometre 2. Analyse, process and make available the data sets to the user community. Data will be made available for analysis on web-based GIS platforms to inform decision-makers and the wider user community including schools and colleges. 3. To instigate knowledge exchange with industry and decision-makers. The proposed sensor network would provide an unparalleled data set that would benefit many users including project partners. Users are at the heart of this proposal. Academic investigators on this project already have two established Knowledge Transfer Partnerships with project partners who will directly benefit form the data collected during this project: 1. KTP with EON Central Networks to investigate power-grid/temperature dependency in Birmingham (TSB/NERC funded) 2. KTP with Birmingham City Council to investigate environmental risk (e.g. Urban Heat and Flooding) at a neighbourhood scale (TSB/NERC funded) Both these partners are committed to this project and are crucial to the success of establishing the network. EON Central Networks will provide access to the secure sites across the conurbation where as Birmingham City Council will be instrumental in the installation of the sensors on council owned lighting columns. The majority of the equipment will also be procured from project partners on specially negotiated deals. The University has recently completed a KTP with Campbell Scientific Ltd who will be responsible for the coarse array of weather stations where as Aginova Inc. are the technical partners responsible for the Wi-Fi sensors. This is an ambitious project which seeks to provide three different sensor networks at three different scales. A unique selling point of this proposal is the strengthening of already mature partnerships, where as collaboration with SI-KTN will further ensure future engagement activities with new partners. In summary, data from this project will be instrumental in answering key research questions currently under investigation such as what is the impact of the current and future climate on the people and infrastructure of a major conurbation.