High density temperature measurements within the urban environment (HiTemp)

城市环境中的高密度温度测量 (HiTemp)

• 批准号: NE/I006915/1
• 负责人: Lee Chapman
• 金额: $ 77.76万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI006915%2F1
• 关键词: density; temperature; measurements; within; urban

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a direct consequence of anthropogenic influences on our local climate. Many studies have been devoted to the study of UHI extent and magnitude, as well as the impacts increased urban temperatures have on meteorology, climatology, human health and society. Although the UHI phenomenon is well documented and studies have increased our understanding, the basic measurement of temperatures across urban areas remains very limited. Birmingham is the UK's second most populous city, with a population in excess of 1 million people and a well defined UHI. However, Birmingham has only two climate stations which when linked with the complex heterogeneous urban morphology results in extremely poor data coverage. The overall aim of this project is to provide a demonstration sensor network designed to measure air temperature across the Birmingham conurbation. This aim will be met by the following objectives: 1. Instrument Birmingham via nested arrays of sensors comprising of the following: a Coarse array of 29 weather stations across Birmingham located in secure primary electrical substations b Wide area array consisting of 131 Wi-Fi air and humidity sensors located at schools across the conurbation (1 per ONS Super Output Area) c Fine scale array covering the Central Business District and consisting of approx. 50 sensors per square kilometre 2. Analyse, process and make available the data sets to the user community. Data will be made available for analysis on web-based GIS platforms to inform decision-makers and the wider user community including schools and colleges. 3. To instigate knowledge exchange with industry and decision-makers. The proposed sensor network would provide an unparalleled data set that would benefit many users including project partners. Users are at the heart of this proposal. Academic investigators on this project already have two established Knowledge Transfer Partnerships with project partners who will directly benefit form the data collected during this project: 1. KTP with EON Central Networks to investigate power-grid/temperature dependency in Birmingham (TSB/NERC funded) 2. KTP with Birmingham City Council to investigate environmental risk (e.g. Urban Heat and Flooding) at a neighbourhood scale (TSB/NERC funded) Both these partners are committed to this project and are crucial to the success of establishing the network. EON Central Networks will provide access to the secure sites across the conurbation where as Birmingham City Council will be instrumental in the installation of the sensors on council owned lighting columns. The majority of the equipment will also be procured from project partners on specially negotiated deals. The University has recently completed a KTP with Campbell Scientific Ltd who will be responsible for the coarse array of weather stations where as Aginova Inc. are the technical partners responsible for the Wi-Fi sensors. This is an ambitious project which seeks to provide three different sensor networks at three different scales. A unique selling point of this proposal is the strengthening of already mature partnerships, where as collaboration with SI-KTN will further ensure future engagement activities with new partners. In summary, data from this project will be instrumental in answering key research questions currently under investigation such as what is the impact of the current and future climate on the people and infrastructure of a major conurbation.

城市热岛效应是人类活动对当地气候影响的直接结果。许多研究致力于研究城市热岛的范围和强度，以及城市温度升高对气象学、气候学、人类健康和社会的影响。虽然城市热岛现象有很好的记录，研究也增加了我们的理解，但对城市地区温度的基本测量仍然非常有限。伯明翰是英国人口第二多的城市，人口超过100万，城市热岛定义明确。然而，伯明翰只有两个气候站，当与复杂的异质城市形态相联系时，数据覆盖率极低。该项目的总体目标是提供一个示范传感器网络，旨在测量整个伯明翰城市群的空气温度。这一目标将通过以下目标实现：1.仪表伯明翰通过嵌套阵列的传感器包括以下内容：一个粗略阵列的29个气象站在伯明翰位于安全的主要变电站B广域阵列包括131个Wi-Fi空气和湿度传感器位于学校在整个城市（每个ONS超级输出区1个）c精细规模阵列覆盖中央商务区，并包括约。每平方公里50个传感器2.分析、处理并向用户提供数据集。将在基于网络的地理信息系统平台上提供数据进行分析，以便为决策者和包括中小学和大学在内的更广泛的用户群体提供信息。3.促进与行业和决策者的知识交流。拟议的传感器网络将提供无与伦比的数据集，使包括项目合作伙伴在内的许多用户受益。用户是这项提案的核心。该项目的学术研究人员已经与项目合作伙伴建立了两个知识转移伙伴关系，这些合作伙伴将直接受益于该项目期间收集的数据：1。KTP与EON Central Networks合作调查伯明翰的电网/温度依赖性（TSB/NERC资助）2. KTP与伯明翰市理事会合作，在社区范围内调查环境风险（例如城市供暖和洪水）（TSB/NERC资助）这两个合作伙伴都致力于该项目，对成功建立网络至关重要。EON中央网络将提供访问整个大城市的安全网站，伯明翰市理事会将有助于在理事会拥有的灯柱上安装传感器。大部分设备也将根据特别谈判达成的交易从项目合作伙伴处采购。该大学最近完成了一个KTP与坎贝尔科学有限公司谁将负责粗糙阵列的气象站，其中作为阿吉诺娃公司。是负责无线传感器的技术合作伙伴这是一个雄心勃勃的项目，旨在提供三种不同规模的三种不同传感器网络。该提案的一个独特卖点是加强已经成熟的伙伴关系，与SI-KTN的合作将进一步确保未来与新合作伙伴的互动活动。总之，该项目的数据将有助于回答目前正在调查的关键研究问题，例如当前和未来气候对主要城市的人民和基础设施的影响。

项目成果

A Low-Cost Wireless Temperature Sensor: Evaluation for Use in Environmental Monitoring Applications

低成本无线温度传感器：环境监测应用的评估

• DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-13-00217.1
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Cai X

Crowdsourcing and Opportunistic Sensing: The Technology Isn't Going Away, So How Are We Going to Make it Work?

众包和机会感测：这项技术不会消失，那么我们如何让它发挥作用呢？

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Chapman L

An introduction to the Birmingham Urban Climate Laboratory

伯明翰城市气候实验室简介

• 作者: Lee Chapman (Author)

Methodology to separate urban from regional heat advection by use of the Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model

利用天气研究和预报中尺度模型将城市与区域热平流分开的方法

• DOI: 10.1002/qj.3062
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: Bassett R

Quantifying the Daytime and Night-Time Urban Heat Island in Birmingham, UK: A Comparison of Satellite Derived Land Surface Temperature and High Resolution Air Temperature Observations

• DOI: 10.3390/rs8020153
• 发表时间: 2016-02-01
• 期刊: REMOTE SENSING
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Azevedo, Juliana Antunes;Chapman, Lee;Muller, Catherine L.
• 通讯作者: Muller, Catherine L.