High density temperature measurements within the urban environment (HiTemp)

城市热岛(UHI)是人类活动对当地气候影响的直接结果。许多研究致力于研究城市热岛的范围和强度，以及城市温度上升对气象学、气候学、人类健康和社会的影响。尽管热岛热岛现象已经有了很好的记录，研究也加深了我们的理解，但对整个城市地区温度的基本测量仍然非常有限。伯明翰是英国人口第二多的城市，人口超过100万，城市热岛定义明确。然而，伯明翰只有两个气候站，当与复杂的、不同种类的城市形态联系在一起时，导致数据覆盖率极低。该项目的总体目标是提供一个演示传感器网络，旨在测量整个伯明翰城市的气温。这一目标将通过以下目标实现：1.通过传感器嵌套阵列测量伯明翰仪器，该阵列包括以下内容：遍布伯明翰的29个气象站的粗略阵列，位于安全的主要电力分站中；b广域阵列，由131个Wi-Fi空气和湿度传感器组成，这些传感器位于整个城市的学校(每个ONS超级输出区1个)；c覆盖中央商务区的精细阵列，由大约10个传感器组成。每平方公里50个传感器2.分析、处理数据集并将其提供给用户社区。将在基于网络的地理信息系统平台上提供数据以供分析，以向决策者和包括学校和大学在内的更广泛的用户群体提供信息。3.鼓励与产业界和决策者进行知识交流。拟议的传感器网络将提供无与伦比的数据集，使包括项目合作伙伴在内的许多用户受益。用户是这项提议的核心。本项目的学术研究人员已经与将直接受益于本项目期间收集的数据的项目合作伙伴建立了两个已建立的知识转移伙伴关系：1.KTP与EON中心网络合作调查伯明翰电网/温度依赖关系(TSB/NERC资助)2.KTP与伯明翰市议会调查社区规模的环境风险(例如城市高温和洪水)(TSB/NERC资助)两个合作伙伴致力于此项目，对成功建立网络至关重要。意昂中央网络将提供对整个城市的安全地点的访问，伯明翰市议会将在那里帮助在议会拥有的灯柱上安装传感器。大多数设备还将根据特别谈判达成的协议从项目伙伴处采购。该大学最近与Campbell Science Ltd完成了KTP，Campbell Science Ltd将负责粗略排列的气象站，而Agiova Inc.是负责Wi-Fi传感器的技术合作伙伴。这是一个雄心勃勃的项目，寻求在三个不同的规模提供三个不同的传感器网络。这项提议的一个独特卖点是加强已经成熟的伙伴关系，与SI-KTN的合作将进一步确保未来与新伙伴的接触活动。总而言之，该项目的数据将有助于回答目前正在调查的关键研究问题，如当前和未来气候对主要城市的人民和基础设施的影响是什么。

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a direct consequence of anthropogenic influences on our local climate. Many studies have been devoted to the study of UHI extent and magnitude, as well as the impacts increased urban temperatures have on meteorology, climatology, human health and society. Although the UHI phenomenon is well documented and studies have increased our understanding, the basic measurement of temperatures across urban areas remains very limited. Birmingham is the UK's second most populous city, with a population in excess of 1 million people and a well defined UHI. However, Birmingham has only two climate stations which when linked with the complex heterogeneous urban morphology results in extremely poor data coverage. The overall aim of this project is to provide a demonstration sensor network designed to measure air temperature across the Birmingham conurbation. This aim will be met by the following objectives: 1. Instrument Birmingham via nested arrays of sensors comprising of the following: a Coarse array of 29 weather stations across Birmingham located in secure primary electrical substations b Wide area array consisting of 131 Wi-Fi air and humidity sensors located at schools across the conurbation (1 per ONS Super Output Area) c Fine scale array covering the Central Business District and consisting of approx. 50 sensors per square kilometre 2. Analyse, process and make available the data sets to the user community. Data will be made available for analysis on web-based GIS platforms to inform decision-makers and the wider user community including schools and colleges. 3. To instigate knowledge exchange with industry and decision-makers. The proposed sensor network would provide an unparalleled data set that would benefit many users including project partners. Users are at the heart of this proposal. Academic investigators on this project already have two established Knowledge Transfer Partnerships with project partners who will directly benefit form the data collected during this project: 1. KTP with EON Central Networks to investigate power-grid/temperature dependency in Birmingham (TSB/NERC funded) 2. KTP with Birmingham City Council to investigate environmental risk (e.g. Urban Heat and Flooding) at a neighbourhood scale (TSB/NERC funded) Both these partners are committed to this project and are crucial to the success of establishing the network. EON Central Networks will provide access to the secure sites across the conurbation where as Birmingham City Council will be instrumental in the installation of the sensors on council owned lighting columns. The majority of the equipment will also be procured from project partners on specially negotiated deals. The University has recently completed a KTP with Campbell Scientific Ltd who will be responsible for the coarse array of weather stations where as Aginova Inc. are the technical partners responsible for the Wi-Fi sensors. This is an ambitious project which seeks to provide three different sensor networks at three different scales. A unique selling point of this proposal is the strengthening of already mature partnerships, where as collaboration with SI-KTN will further ensure future engagement activities with new partners. In summary, data from this project will be instrumental in answering key research questions currently under investigation such as what is the impact of the current and future climate on the people and infrastructure of a major conurbation.