MEDICAL APPLICATIONS--HIGH PRECISION IN BODY COMPOSITION

活体身体成分测量对研究人体健康至关重要 生长发育，衰老过程，营养不良，以及 骨质疏松症和后天获得性骨质疏松症等病理 免疫缺陷综合症。活体中子活化分析 (IVNA)已经成为最基本、最精确、最 人体量化的准确参照标准 作文，虽然很少有。它的有效性一直是 在骨质疏松症、癌症、骨质疏松症 生长激素、地中海贫血、营养不良，以及 酗酒。然而，它的应用范围仅限于 可进行校准的受试者身高和体重。 这项建议明确了1)IVNA用于研究身体的最佳使用 四个临床项目的组成需要精确和 人体测量的精确度；2)蒙特卡罗的使用 卡罗模拟和体模研究以提高精度 以及IVNA研究的准确性，并将其扩展到更精简的 和肥胖者；3)新隔室的应用 分析数据的模型；以及4)BNL的发展 IVNA设施到IVNA技术和参考实验室 应用程序；以及5)建立翻译表以 校准建议的非侵入性方法，这些方法可能用作 试管内注射的代用品。 该项目将汇集在一个管理结构中 将最先进的技术应用于 测量元素和隔室的身体成分的方法 临床项目：IVNA测量全身C、N、Na、P、Cl、 钾和钙，它们还提供全身脂肪和瘦肉质量； 用光子吸收法测量骨矿含量和人体 瘦肉量和脂肪量；同位素稀释；全身电 电导性和生物电阻抗分析。最基本的 用于校准、验证和分析建模的科学将 以BNL的核心实验室为中心，以下人员参与 哥伦比亚大学的团队。临床项目将是 以四个主要研究人员的实验室为中心 在纽约市、拿骚县和波士顿的项目中， 以纽约圣路加教堂为中心的行政核心 约克市。 这些研究项目的结果加在一起将提供广泛的 正常参考数据的范围，并显著减少 每个项目中计划研究的成本。这项提议将 加强身体成分研究领域的建立 大多数身体成分测量的国家标准 技巧。

In vivo body composition measurements are vital to research in growth and development, the aging process, the malnutritions, and pathologies such as osteoporosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNA) has become the most basic, the most precise, and the most accurate reference standard for quantifying human body composition, though rarely available. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in studies on osteoporosis, cancer, effects of growth hormone, thalassemia, nutritional deficiencies, and alcoholism. However, its application is limited in the range of subject height and weight for which calibrations are available. This proposal defines 1) the optimal use of IVNA to study body composition in four clinical projects which require precise and accurate measurements in human subjects; 2) the use of Monte Carlo simulations and phantom studies to improve the precision and the accuracy of the IVNA studies and to extend them to leaner and fatter subjects; 3) the application of new compartmental models to analyze the data; and 4) the development of the BNL IVNA facility to a reference laboratory for IVNA techniques and applications; and 5) the establishment of translation tables to calibrate proposed non-invasive methods which may serve as surrogates for IVNA. This project will assemble in one administrative structure the mechanism for applying the state-of-the-art techniques for measuring elemental and compartmental body composition methods to clinical projects: IVNA to measure total body C, N, Na, P, Cl, K, and Ca, which provide also total body fat and lean mass; dual photon absorptiometry to measure bone mineral content and body lean and fat mass; isotopic dilution; total body electrical conductivity; and bioelectric impedance analysis. The basic science for calibration, validation, and analytic modeling will be centered in the Core laboratory at BNL, with participation by the Columbia University group. The clinical projects will be centered int eh laboratories of the four principal investigators of the projects in New York City, Nassau County, and Boston, with the administrative core centered at the St. Luke's site in New York. Results from these research projects together will provide a wide range of normal reference data, and a significant reduction in cost for the planned studies in each project. This proposal will strengthen the field of body composition research by establishing national standard for most body composition measurement techniques.