Use of remote sensing and terrain modelling to identify suitable zones for manual drilling in Africa and support low cost water supply

在实现千年发展目标供水方案的框架内，儿童基金会正在整个非洲推广人工钻探，开展不同的活动：宣传、绘制合适区域的地图、技术培训和机构支持。人工钻探是指使用人力或动物力量(而不是机械化设备)钻钻孔开采地下水的技术。这些技术在拥有大量冲积矿床的国家(印度、尼泊尔、孟加拉国等)是众所周知的。它们比机械化钻孔便宜，易于实施，因为设备是在当地完成的，如果正确使用，能够提供清洁的水。但只有在适合水文地质条件的地方(浅层不硬，地下水不深于25米)，人工钻井才是可行的。因此，有必要初步确定合适的区域。已在15个国家采用的确定国家一级适当地带的方法是基于对现有水文地质数据的分析。但需要一种改进的方法，以便对水文地质背景进行更可靠的解释和更详细的分析。拟议的研究目的是：-结合其他间接数据来源，为确定表征浅层地质条件的改进方法做出贡献--在选定地区制作更详细的适宜性地图，以支持人工钻探施工计划的实施。研究涉及意大利、塞内加尔和几内亚的研究中心和机构合作伙伴。这些实体尤其将参与：米兰比科卡大学(意大利)、达喀尔大学(塞内加尔)、联合国儿童基金会塞内加尔国家办事处、联合国儿童基金会几内亚国家办事处、国家水务局(SNAPE)、几内亚矿业学校(Boke‘-几内亚)

In the framework of the programme for the achievement of MDG (MIllenium Development Goals) for water supply, UNICEF is promoting manual drilling throughout Africa; with different activities: advocacy, mapping of suitable zones, technical training and institutional support.Manual drilling refers to those techniques of drilling boreholes for groundwater exploitation using human or animal power (not mechanized equipment). These techniques are well known in countries with large alluvial deposits (India, Nepal, Bangladesh, etc). They are cheaper than mechanized boreholes, easy to implement as the equipment is locally done, able to provide clean water if correctly applied.But manual drilling is feasible only where suitable hydrogeological conditions are (shallow layers not to hard and groundwater not deeper than 25 m). Therefore a preliminary identification of suitable areas is necessary. The method for the identification of suitable zones at country levelalready aplied in 15 countries is based on the analysis of existing hydrogeological data. But an improved approach to have more reliable interpretation and more detailed analysis of the hydrogeological contex is required.The proposed research aims:- to contribute to define an improved methodology for the characterization of shallow geological conditions integrating other sources of indirect data- to produce more detailed suitability maps in the selected area, with the goal of supporting the implementation of manual drilling construction program.The research involves the collaboration of research centres and institutional partners in Italy, Senegal and Guinea. In particular these entities will participate:Univeristy of Milano Bicocca (Italy)University CHeick Anta Diop in Dakar (Senegal)UNICEF Senegal country officeUNICEF GUinea country officeSNAPE (National Water Authority) GuineaSchool of MInes Boke' - Guinea)