Jurassic shale analogue study: from resource to reserve (JARR)

非常规页岩气或石油开采中的资源储量计算取决于“甜蜜点”的量化和特征。甜点通常出现在黑色页岩矿床具有高总有机碳、硬/脆流变性、丰富的天然裂缝、足够的厚度和成熟度以及高天然气储量的地方。反过来，这些特征又受到基本地质过程的控制，包括有机生产力、径流、成岩作用以及构造和埋藏历史-所有这些都从沉积盆地的边缘到中心（即从近端到远端）各不相同。甜蜜点表征需要一个多学科的方法，并访问数据集，包括整个范围的近端到远端的环境和构造或埋藏的历史。欧洲西北部的侏罗纪页岩（Liassic，Kimmeridgian）包括北海大部分地区的世界级烃源岩。侏罗纪岩石在英国和北方法国的沿海地区露头，这些地层至关重要，已经在许多北海威尔斯井中取芯并记录。从整体上看，这些露头和钻孔数据集应该提供了一个无与伦比的记录近端到远端的过渡范围内的泥倾向地层间隔在一个广泛的地区，其特点是不同的，但众所周知的构造和埋藏历史。这个盆地范围的数据集有可能提供对甜蜜点识别的见解，而这种识别在单个页岩气特许权中是不存在的，这些特许权包括更大页岩盆地的小分区。进一步的好处是识别微妙的、常规的地层圈闭，例如，在另外的泥倾向层序内的桑迪层段。尽管其杰出的潜力，一个严格的盆地范围内的研究侏罗纪在欧洲西北部已受到阻碍，由于不同的和分散的性质的数据集。该NERC催化剂提案将把达勒姆和纽卡斯尔大学的NERC和工业资助的研究人员组成的多学科团队与工业地球科学家联系起来。我们的目标是对现有的Liasic和Kimmeridgian数据集进行范围研究，以评估其进一步深入研究甜蜜点特征的潜力。催化剂资金将使我们能够生成一个开放访问GIS元数据库的现有地图，露头，核心，岩屑和电缆日志，穿透侏罗纪岩石的北海，英国和北方法国。为了促进知识交流并深入了解最佳点特征描述的挑战，JARR将在英国和法国北方组织和主办一系列基于行业和学术界的实地和岩心研讨会，重点关注三个关键主题：（1）黑页岩沉积的全盆地变化;（2）近端到远端环境中天然裂缝的全盆地岩石地层控制;（3）天然裂缝的全盆地岩石地层控制;（4）天然裂缝的全盆地岩石地层控制。（3）泥质倾向层序力学性质的全盆地变化，主要集中在陆上关键部位。JARR将把这些讨论综合成一份开放获取的报告，该报告将批判性地评价侏罗纪作为近端到远端页岩盆地的类似物。JARR将在其网站（www.shale-research.org）上公布该报告和地理信息系统元数据库，供业界和公众查阅。该项目将以一个专业促进的行业-学术界“沙坑”会议为高潮，该会议将围绕上述三个关键主题制定关于合作联合行业项目（JIP）网络的建议。我们预计联合执行计划将直接利用范围界定研究期间确定的数据集，和/或在研讨会和沙坑讨论期间提出问题和“吸取经验教训”。JARR提案将通过从现有数据集释放额外价值，帮助英国油气公司更好地了解资源储量转换因素，并最终为他们提供非常规勘探方面的真实的竞争优势。

Resource to reserve calculations in unconventional shale gas or oil exploitation depends on quanitifying and characterising "sweet spots". Sweet spots typically occur where black shale deposits have high total organic carbon, stiff/brittle rheology, abundant natural fractures, sufficient thickness and maturity, and high gas-in-place. In turn, these characteristics are controlled by fundamental geological processes including organic productivity, run-off, diagenesis, and tectonic and burial histories - all of which vary from the edges to the centres of depositional basins (i.e. proximal to distal). Sweet spot characterisation requires a multi-disciplinary approach, and access to datasets that encompass the entire range of proximal to distal environments and tectonic or burial histories. Jurassic shales in NW Europe (Liassic, Kimmeridgian), include world-class hydrocarbon source rock that underlies much of the North Sea. Jurassic rocks crop out in coastal sections in the UK and northern France, crucially these strata, have been cored and logged in many North Sea wells. Taken in their entirety, these outcrop and borehole datasets should provide an unrivalled record of the proximal to distal transition within a mud-prone stratigraphic interval across a broad region characterised by varied, but well-known tectonic and burial histories. This basin-wide dataset has the potential to provide insights into sweet spot identification not available in individual shale gas concessions that comprise small, sub-areas of much larger shale basins. Further benefits would be to identify subtle, conventional stratigraphic traps, e.g. sandy intervals within an otherwise mud-prone sequence. Despite its outstanding potential, a rigorous basin-wide study of the Jurassic in NW Europe has been hampered due to the disparate and dispersed nature of the datasets. This NERC catalyst proposal will connect a multi-disciplinary team of NERC- and industrially-funded researchers at Durham and Newcastle Universities with industrial geoscientists. Our aim is to conduct a scoping study of existing Liasic and Kimmeridgian datasets to evaluate their potential for further in-depth research into sweet spot characterisation. Catalyst funding will enable us to generate an open access GIS meta-database of existing maps, outcrops, cores, cuttings and wireline logs that penetrate Jurassic rocks of the North Sea, England and northern France. To facilitate knowledge exchange and gain a deep understanding of the challenges of sweet spot characterisation, JARR will organise and host a series of industry-academia field- and core-based workshops in the UK and northern France that will focus on three key themes: (1) basin-wide variations in black shale deposition; (2) basin-wide lithostratigraphic controls on natural fractures in proximal to distal environments; (3) basin-wide variations in the mechanical properties of mud-prone sequences, held at key onshore localities. JARR will synthesize the discussions into an open access report that will critically appraise the Jurassic as a proximal to distal shale basin analogue. JARR will publish the report and GIS meta-database on its website (www.shale-research.org), available to industry and public. The project will culminate in a professionally-facilitated industry-academia "sandpit" meeting, which will develop proposals for a network of collaborative Joint Industry Projects (JIPs) based around the three key themes identified above. We anticipate the JIPs will either utilize directly the datasets identified during the scoping study, and/or develop questions raised and "lessons learned" during the workshops and sandpit discussion. The JARR proposal will help UK-based hydrocarbon companies to better understand resource to reserve conversion factors by unlocking additional value from existing datasets, and could ultimately provide them with real competitive advantage in unconventional exploration.