'Green infrastructure and the Health and wellbeing Influences on an Ageing population (GHIA)

绿色和蓝色空间（GI）可以直接和间接地影响人类的健康和福祉。然而，获得保健和福利的机会在人口中并不平等，特别是在城市地区。研究表明，65岁及以上的人最有可能遭受健康状况不佳，但这一群体可能是最不可能受益于GI的。虽然通过获得GI可以促进老龄人口的健康和福祉，但使用GI并不总是有益的，特别是老年人更容易受到环境压力的影响。了解GI如何在老年人的健康和福祉的背景下被重视是这样一个未知数。这一价值可能包括预防健康不良的货币价值，但也包括更广泛的解释，如历史、遗产或野生动物价值，这些价值影响老年人是否积极寻求在绿色和蓝色空间的体验。“绿色基础设施以及对老龄化人口的健康和福祉影响”旨在更好地了解城市GI对老年人的好处和价值，以及GI和在市区推行“绿化计划，最能促进长者的健康生活。拟议的案例研究地区是大曼彻斯特（GM）。通用汽车是第一个北方城市采取下放解决方案，包括控制医疗和社会保健支出。研究团队正在与参与改善老年人健康和福祉以及通用汽车GI设计和管理的组织合作，包括通用汽车的红玫瑰森林，曼彻斯特公共卫生，曼彻斯特市理事会和曼彻斯特艺术和画廊合作伙伴关系。研究的核心部分将着眼于如何将研究结果转化为政策和实践，以及研究结果是否可转移到其他城市，这些城市可能拥有类似的下放权力。它将通过让老年人作为研究的“共同制作人”来更好地理解与绿色和蓝色空间相关的思想、经验和价值观。这将有一个特殊的艺术重点，包括讲故事，感官参与，并提供新的经验，从事与绿色和蓝色空间。将使用不同类型的城市地理标志，包括城市内的绿色“斑块”（例如城市公园）、绿色和蓝色“走廊”（例如运河和水道）以及更广泛的城市结构或“矩阵”内的绿色空间（例如私人花园）。这种研究成果的共同制作将与该项目中开展的所有其他领域的工作联系起来。将就绿色空间对老年人健康和福祉的潜在好处和坏处及其提供的价值进行其他方面的研究。这将包括寻找健康数据与跨空间GI发生之间的关系，“研究之前和之后”探索不同绿化项目对老年人身体活动的影响，测量GI如何影响老年人暴露于环境危害（如空气污染和极端温度）和与早期-痴呆症患者了解他们如何通过不同的“感官”感知来欣赏城市景观。研究的其他组成部分的结果将用于探索应用于GI益处的价值，以及这些价值如何有助于指导政策和实践。这将包括评估现有的绿色空间估值措施，包括货币估值，然后与老年人合作，了解对价值的更广泛解释，如文化、遗产、历史和自然或“生物多样性”价值。这些研究结果将用于开发在线绘图工具，以展示老年人对GI的需求、供应和价值。然后，该团队将努力探索这些发现与其他地点的关系，并将研究结果传达给英国各地的城市地区。

Green and blue spaces (GI) can directly and indirectly influence human health and wellbeing. However, access to health and wellbeing benefits is not shared equally amongst the population, particularly in urban areas. Research shows that people aged 65 and over are most likely to suffer from poor health, yet this group may be the least likely to benefit from GI. Although good health and wellbeing in an ageing population might be promoted through access to GI, using GI may not always be beneficial particularly as older people can be more susceptible to environmental stressors. Understanding how GI is valued in the context of the health and wellbeing of older people is one such unknown. This value might include the monetary value of preventing ill-health but also broader interpretations, such as the historical, heritage or wildlife value that influences whether older people actively seek experiences in green and blue spaces.The GHIA research project; 'Green Infrastructure and the Health and Wellbeing Influences on an Ageing Population' aims to better understand the benefits and values of urban GI for older people and how GI and specific 'greening projects' can be best used to support healthy ageing in urban areas. The proposed case-study area is Greater Manchester (GM). GM is the first northern city to adopt a devolutionary settlement including control of health and social care spending. The research team are partnering with organisations involved in improving the health and wellbeing of older people and the design and management of GI across GM, including GM's Red Rose Forest, Public Health Manchester, Manchester City Council and Manchester Arts and Galleries Partnership. A core part of the research will look at how the research findings can be translated into policy and practice and the transferability of findings to other cities, potentially with similarly devolved powers. It will do this by involving older people as 'co-producers' of the research to better understand thoughts, experiences and values that are associated with green and blue spaces. This will have a particular arts focus, including storytelling, sensory engagement and offering new experiences for engaging with green and blue spaces. Different types of urban GI will be used, including green 'patches' within the city (e.g. urban parks), green and blue 'corridors' (e.g. canals and waterways) and green spaces within the wider urban fabric or 'matrix' (e.g. private gardens). This co-production of research findings will be linked to all the other areas of work undertaken in the project. Other aspects of research will be conducted on the potential benefits and disbenefits of green spaces on ageing health and wellbeing and the value that this provides. This will include looking for relationships between health data and the occurrence of GI across space, 'before and after studies' exploring the influence that different greening projects have on the physical activity of older people, measuring how GI may affect older people's exposure to environmental hazards (such as air pollution and extreme temperature) and working with people with early-onset dementia to understand how they appreciate the urban landscape through different 'sensory' perceptions. The findings from the other components of the research will then be used to explore the values applied to the GI benefits and how these can help guide policy and practice. This will include evaluating existing measures of valuing greenspace, including monetary valuation and then work with older people to understand broader interpretations of value, such as culture, heritage, history and the natural or 'biodiversity' value. These findings will be used to develop online mapping tools that demonstrate the needs, provision and value of GI for older people. The team will then work to explore how these findings relate to other locations and communicate findings to urban areas across the UK.