PROSuDs: Providing Real-world Opportunities for Sustainable Drainage Systems

像住宅区这样的开发项目通常意味着，与绿色田野相比，更多的雨水从地表流出。这种增加的“城市径流”通常会导致下游更多的河流或地表水泛滥，而且还含有从表面冲走的污染物，如汽车上的金属和石油。可持续排水系统(SODS)是一个排水概念，旨在模仿开发前的水文学，通过构建系统将雨水回流到地下或将其储存，然后缓慢地将其释放到河流中。这通常涉及到创造草沟和湿地，这可以创造有吸引力的城市地区，动植物的栖息地，还可以捕获和清除污染物。SOD是绿色基础设施理想的组成部分之一。研究表明，肥皂水可以提供这些“生态系统服务”，并且已经制定了设计指南。然而，肥皂通常比传统的管道排水占用的土地更多，这是住房开发商的担忧。它们也有非常不同的维护要求，但通常了解得很少。它们的寿命以及如何管理污染物的长期积累也存在不确定性。自来水公司“采用”管道排水，但在英格兰，肥皂水的长期采用和支付还不确定。作为政府较宽松的规划政策的一部分，规划指导和立法要求将肥皂剧纳入计划并由地方当局通过，这一点也被淡化了。这意味着，实现降低河流污染、改善城市环境和增加生物多样性的额外好处，取决于肥皂土能否在经济上吸引开发商。然而，这种经济评估没有标准的指导方针，不同的方案使用不同的方法和边界进行计算。因此，SODS的估价需要标准化，以便能够比较方案，为高质量设计分配适当数量的土地，并在项目评估中给予房地产专业人员信心。该项目将与包括开发商、监管机构和肥皂水设计师在内的利益攸关方合作，为计算肥皂水的资本成本提供最佳实践指导，量化开发项目的经济价值(例如，房价、居民支付维护费用的意愿)，并探索可以为场外收益寻求哪些其他贡献。主要合作伙伴将是皇家特许测量师学会(RICS)，他们为工料测量师和估值测量师提供专业指导。我们将与RICS合作创建一份专业的指导说明，并针对案例研究项目进行测试。除了这一评估工具包外，还将编写培训材料并提供给测量专业人员。总体目标是通过综合和转化环境、社会和工程效益，使其能够纳入决策过程，增加对高质量肥皂水设计的接受。朴茨茅斯大学的团队由研究肥皂水技术超过20年的工程师和具有评估社会和环境服务经验的估值测量师组成。因此，这个多学科团队能够很好地实施这一创新项目。

Developments, such as housing estates, generally mean that more rain "runs off" the surface compared to green fields. This increased "urban runoff" often causes more river or surface water flooding downstream and also contains pollutants washed off from surfaces, such as metals and oil from cars. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are a drainage concept that aims to mimic the pre-development hydrology by constructing systems to pass rain water back into the ground or store it, and then release it slowly back into rivers. Often this involves creating grass channels and wetlands, which can create attractive urban areas, habitat for animals and plants and also trap and remove pollutants. SuDS are one of the components of the Green Infrastructure ideal. Research has shown that SuDS can deliver these "ecosystem services" and design guidance has been developed. However the SuDS often have a higher land take than traditional piped drainage, a concern to housing developers. They also have very different, often poorly understood, maintenance requirements. There is also uncertainty about their longevity and how to manage any long term accumulation of pollutants. Water Companies "adopt" piped drainage, but in England the long term adoption and payment for SuDS is uncertain. Planning guidance and legislation requiring SuDS to be included in schemes and adopted by local authorities has also been watered down as part of the Government's lighter touch planning policy. This means that achieving the additional benefits of lower pollution in rivers, improved urban environment and increased biodiversity are dependent on SuDS being able to be economically attractive to developers. However there are no standard guidelines for this economic evaluation and different schemes use different methods and boundaries for calculations. Therefore valuation of SuDS needs be standardised so that schemes can be compared, the appropriate amount of land allocated for high quality designs and to give confidence to property professionals in project appraisal. This project will work with stakeholders, including developers, regulators and SuDS designers to arrive at best practice guidance for calculating the capital costs of SuDS, quantifying the economic values to developments (e.g. house prices, willingness to pay for upkeep by residents) and to explore what other contributions can be sought for off-site benefits. Key partners will be the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) who provide professional guidance to quantity surveyors and valuation surveyors. We will work with RICS to create a professional Guidance Note and test this against case study projects. In addition to this valuation toolkit, training materials will be developed and delivered to surveying professionals.The overall aim is to increase the uptake of high quality SuDS designs through synthesising and translating the environmental, social and engineering benefits in a way that allows their inclusion in decision-making processes. The University of Portsmouth team is made up of engineers who have studied the technical aspects of SuDS for over 20 years and valuation surveyors who have experience of valuing social and environmental services. This multidisciplinary team are therefore well placed to deliver this innovative project.