Seismic Cities

世界上50多个最不发达国家的首都位于地壳内形成重大应力的地区的断层之上。这种持续增长的压力最终将导致未来的地震。地震是一种自然灾害，导致越来越多的人死亡，部分原因是人口不断增长，并向城市中心密集。两次地震之间的重复时间可能是数百年；当上一次大地震发生时，许多今天的大城市都是小城镇，或者在过去是不存在的。人们对之前这些事件的社会和社区记忆和亲身体验往往很少。此外，在其间的几年里，城市的发展往往掩盖了城市下方和周围活跃的地震断层的表现，使得今天更难识别它们。在最不发达国家，由于建筑物和社区的脆弱性，地震对人民生活和生计的影响要大得多。一项重大挑战是确保减轻地震风险是脆弱城市的高度优先事项，因为这些城市很少发生地震，但一旦发生地震就会造成毁灭性的破坏。在最不发达国家的城市，这一点尤其困难，因为在这些城市，建立抗震力必须与城市及其发展所面临的其他经济和社会压力相平衡。我们将为“地震城市”的概念制定蓝图，我们相信，这将是提高人们对地震在城市中的破坏性潜力的认识的有力方法，使城市更可持续和更具抗震力。这将是一次两年一次的讲习班和活动，将把一系列利益攸关方聚集在一起，针对易受地震危害的社区，并开发能够更好地应对未来地震造成的环境冲击的更可持续的城市。这将建立在现有成功的火山城市概念的基础上-两年一次的会议和一系列研讨会，旨在通过了解火山现象、认识危险及其对人类的影响、应急管理、社区教育、案例记录和风险缓解来减少火山活动及其对社会的影响。为了测试我们方法方法的有效性，以及帮助发展地震城市概念，我们将以最近经历过大地震的大城市智利圣地亚哥为目标。我们将与城市中的社区进行访谈和焦点小组，以探索他们对风险和应对策略的看法。我们还将通过讲述故事和构建环境的感官地图来记录这些体验，并创建一个社区可以添加到其中的虚拟档案。通过联合制作方法，如专题小组、徒步旅行、流动采访、现场预测和参观历史和当代城市遗址，将收集有关地震影响及其潜在危险的宝贵数据。我们将使用卫星图像来构建建筑环境的3D模型，并突出城市内的活动断层结构，将其与社区资源相结合，以更好地传达从科学数据得出的发现。当社区成员开始负责绘制和管理他们自己的生活环境时，可以嵌入最好地准备和保护社区的战略。长期(20年)的目标是提高全世界对地震危险的抵抗力，达到美国、新西兰和日本的标准。这对许多官方发展援助受援国来说尤其具有挑战性，因为在这些国家，对地震威胁的认识可能很低，而提高对地震危险的复原力可能是一个较低的优先事项。我们设想地震城市将成为一个旗舰的、备受瞩目的活动，显著提高主办城市的专业人士和公众的意识，吸引人们对该城市的关注和资源。

Over 50 capital cities of the Least Developed Countries in the world lie on top of faults in regions that are building up significant stresses within the crust. This continually growing stress will eventually lead to future earthquakes. Earthquakes are a natural hazard that are killing an increasing number of people, in part because populations are growing and densifying into urban centres. The recurrence time between earthquakes may be hundreds of years; many cities that are large today were small towns or non-existent in the past when the last big earthquake struck. There is often little social and community memory and first-hand experience of these previous events. Furthermore, urban development in the intervening years has often hidden the expressions of the active earthquake faults beneath and around a city, making them harder to identify today. In the Least Developed Countries, the impact of earthquakes on people's lives and livelihoods is much greater due to the vulnerability of buildings and communities.A major challenge has been to ensure that the mitigation of earthquake risk is a high priority in vulnerable cities, where earthquakes rarely occur but are devastating when they do. This is particularly difficult in cities in the least developed countries, where building earthquake resilience has to be balanced against other economic & social pressures facing cities & their development. We will develop a blueprint for the concept of "Seismic Cities", which we believe will be a powerful approach for raising awareness of the devastating potential of earthquakes in cities & for making them more sustainable & resilient to such shocks. This will be a biennial workshop & event that will bring together a range of stakeholders to target communities vulnerable to seismic hazard, and to develop more sustainable cities that can better cope with future environmental shocks from earthquakes. This will build on an existing successful concept of Cities On Volcanoes-a biennial conference and series of workshops that aims to reduce the impacts of volcanism & its effects on society by understanding volcanic phenomena, recognising the hazards & their impacts on people, emergency management, community education, case histories & risk mitigation.In order to test the effectiveness of our methodological approaches, as well as help develop the Seismic Cities concept, we will target a large city that has recently experience major earthquakes-Santiago in Chile. We will conduct interviews & focus groups with communities in the city to explore their own perceptions of risk & coping strategies. We will also document these experiences through story-telling & sensory mapping of the built environment, & create a virtual archive of these to which the community can add. Through co-production methods such as focus groups, walking trails, mobile interviewing, live projections & tours of both historic & contemporary urban sites, valuable data on the effects of earthquakes & their potential danger will be gathered. We will use satellite imagery to construct a 3D model of the built environment & highlight active fault structures within the city, integrating this with the community resources to better communicate the findings derived from the scientific data. The strategies to best prepare & protect the community can be embedded as community members become responsible for mapping & curating their own lived environments.The long-term (20-year) aim is to raise resilience to earthquake hazard across the whole world to the standards of the US, New Zealand & Japan. This is particularly challenging for many ODA-Recipient countries, where awareness of the threat from earthquakes may be low, & where increasing resilience to earthquake hazard may be a low priority. We envisage Seismic Cities as a flagship, high-profile event that significantly raises awareness in the host city, among both professionals & the public, drawing focus & resources to that city.