Harmonising and UPgrading GREENhouse gas removal (GGR) consequential Life Cycle Assessment (UP-green-LCA)

“GGR专题”项目提案。为了实现英国削减温室气体排放的目标，整个英国经济每年应实现并保持3%的稳定减排。这是英国为了实现全球变暖1.5摄氏度的潜在目标而提出的要求。已经提出了不同的技术（例如土地管理和使用变化、海洋施肥、具有碳捕获和储存的生物能源、生物炭、直接空气捕获）来消除温室气体;但考虑到对整个经济的所有影响，这些技术的实施可能会产生巨大的和不可预见的影响。植树造林、生物能源、碳捕获和储存等技术可能会改变土地使用，并影响食物链。方法学方法，如生命周期评估（LCA），已被广泛采用，以评估不同的温室气体去除技术（GGRT）。生命周期评估可以考虑生产系统、产品或服务的原材料提取、生产、运输、使用和废物处理的所有影响。特别是，相应的生命周期评估方法被用来评估各种温室气体清除技术应用的后果。然而，相应的生命周期评估在很大程度上是基于假设和大的不确定性是必然的，这种方法。此外，评估GGRT的LCA方法没有达成共识，更不用说结果了，需要对不同GGRT的疗效和成本进行公平比较，以准确评估GGRT的获益。本研究提案旨在减少缺乏一致性的情况，并提高替代GGRT影响的准确性和稳健性。该项目的主要目的是协调各种LCA方法来评估GGRT，包括生物炭应用，生物质碳储存，土地管理变化，海洋施肥和直接空气捕获。该项目还旨在系统地测试和评估与将相应的生命周期评估应用于GGRT相关的不确定性，以改进温室气体去除的相应生命周期评估方法。将新方法与其他针对温室气体清除技术的联合体和研究项目进行比较，并将用于对每个温室气体清除组的具体案例研究进行后续LCA，所采用的方法包括对各经济部门进行系统审查，并侧重于分析后续影响和分析中的不确定性的具体方法（例如关于经济对策的假设）。选定的案例研究将用于测试目前的方法，以确定和排名的重要性，各种来源的不确定性（和其他优势和劣势）有关的后果LCA。这将与参与评估GGRT的其他研究人员和主要顾问的一系列研讨会相结合，以协调所制定的方法。这些顾问将组成一个咨询小组，代表将受到大规模实施GGRT影响的经济、政策和第三部门组织领域。这将纳入当前相应的生命周期评估方法的升级过程，目的是使GGRT评估更加可靠和准确，以实现全球变暖的真实的大幅度减少（全球每年至少减少1-10 Gt CO2当量）。

"GGR topic-specific" project proposal. To achieve the UK targets for cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a steady reduction of 3% should be achieved and maintained every year by the whole UK economy. This is the requirement for UK in order to achieve the potential target of 1.5 degrees C of global warming. Different techniques (e.g. land management and use change, ocean fertilisation, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, biochar, direct air capture) have been proposed to remove GHG; but their implementation can have large and unforeseen effects considering all the impacts across the economy. Some techniques such as afforestation, bioenergy, carbon capture and storage could potentially have large land use change and affect the food chains. Methodological approaches, such life cycle assessment (LCA), have been widely adopted to assess different greenhouse gas removal techniques (GGRT). LCA allows to account for all the impacts from raw material extraction, production, transport, use and waste disposal of a production systems, product or service. In particular consequential LCA approaches have been used to assess the consequences of the various applications of greenhouse gas removal techniques. However consequential LCA is largely based on assumptions and large uncertainties are bound to this approach. Further there is no consensus on the LCA methodology to assess GGRT, let alone the results, and a fair comparison of the efficacy and cost of the different GGRT is required to have an accurate assessment of the benefits of GGRT. This research proposal is an attempt in reducing the lack of consistency and increase accuracy and robustness of the impacts of alternative GGRT. The main aim of this project is to harmonise the various LCA approaches to assess GGRT, including biochar application, biomass carbon storage, land management change, ocean fertilisation and direct air capture. The project also aims to systematically test and assess the uncertainties related to the application of the consequential LCA to GGRT to improve consequential LCA approaches for greenhouse gas removal. The new approaches are compared with other consortia and research projects targeted to greenhouse gas removal techniques and will be used in a consequential LCA of specific case studies for each greenhouse gas removal group.The methodology adopted consists in a systematic review across economic sectors and focuses on the specific methods of analysing consequential impacts and uncertainties in the analyses (e.g. assumptions about economic responses). Selected case studies will be used to test the current approaches to identify and rank the importance of the various sources of uncertainties (and other strengths and weaknesses) related to consequential LCA. This will be combined with a series of workshops with other researchers and key advisers involved in assessing GGRT to harmonise the developed approaches. The advisors will form an advisory panel and will represent areas of the economy, policy and third sector organisations that would be affected by large scale implementation of GGRT. This will feed into an upgrading process of current consequential LCA methods with the aim of making the assessment of GGRT more robust and more accurate to achieve a real and substantial reduction of global warming (at least 1-10 Gt of CO2eq per year worldwide).