RCUK-SEA: Using Nexus Thinking to Empower Community-Based Management of Mangrove Fisheries

马来西亚正式承认其红树林资源的国家和国际价值，并给予广泛的保护。尽管如此，红树林总面积继续减少，红树林受到环境退化的威胁，因为自然资源与人口增长和经济发展之间存在着交换。解决红树林退化的办法不再在于保护资源，而在于促进人们认识到，红树林是多种用途复杂互动的产物，涉及利益不同的利益攸关方，即红树林关系。但红树林的破坏严重影响了渔民的生计，众所周知，渔民是马来西亚经济上最弱势的群体之一，其他发展中国家。虽然不同的利益攸关方在许多规模上为防止红树林渔业损失作出了努力，但他们往往孤立地工作，彼此之间很少交流。依赖红树林的渔业社区参与管理其所依赖的资源的机会有限，通过应用联系思维，该项目将在人类和环境变化的背景下，增进对红树林、其相关渔业和其使用者之间的相互依存关系、紧张关系和权衡的了解。巴生群岛的红树林将被用作案例研究。这片森林（CA）15，000公顷）是雪兰莪州沿沿着绵延100多公里的大片红树林的一部分。海岸线维持着马来西亚一些最具生产力的贝类和沿海渔业。为了支持巴生群岛渔业和依赖渔业的社区的持续和可持续利用，该项目有三个目标：1）推进关联思维在巴生群岛渔业资源可持续管理中的应用; 2）为巴生群岛红树林系统的社区渔业管理奠定基础，3）与三个项目伙伴合作，发展一个强调红树林重要性的环境教育计划。（槟城近海渔民福利协会，渔业部，雪兰莪州和湿地国际），这些目标将通过一系列的利益相关者研讨会，由学生项目和有效的知识交流支持实现。该项目将启动利益攸关方（渔民、政府、业界和非政府组织）之间的沟通，并开始一个授权进程，鼓励依赖渔业的社区直接参与渔业资源管理。这将直接支持马来西亚渔业发展局概述的“建立一个发达、独立和进步的渔民社区”的使命。它还将有助于加强利益有关者的参与以及规划和执行机构之间的合作，这是自第九个马来西亚计划以来为执行沿海区管理而确定的四个目标之一。为确保项目的遗产能够得到利用，将建立正在进行的社区参与项目的结构和机制（例如任命适当的当地社区负责人，在当地渔民协会和当地政府之间建立沟通渠道，确定项目合作伙伴的角色）。

Malaysia formally recognises the national and international value of its mangrove resources and has awarded them extensive protection. Nevertheless, the total area of mangroves continues to decline and mangroves are threatened by environmental degradation as natural resources are traded-off against population growth and economic development. The solution to mangrove degradation no longer lies in resource protection, but in fostering understanding that mangroves are embedded within a context of complex interactions of multiple uses involving stakeholders with different interests, i.e. the mangrove nexus.Mangroves support highly productive fisheries, but mangrove destruction has severely affected the livelihoods of fishermen who are known to be among the most economically disadvantaged in Malaysia and many other developing countries. While efforts are made at many scales by different stakeholders against mangrove fishery loss, there has been a tendency for them to work in isolation with little communication between them. Opportunities for mangrove dependent fishing communities to engage in the management of the resource on which they depend have been limited.Through an application of nexus thinking, this project will improve understanding of the interdependencies, tensions and trade-offs between the mangroves, their associated fishery and their users, in the context of human and environmental change. The Klang Islands mangrove forest will be used as a case study. This forest (ca. 15,000ha) forms part of a larger tract of mangrove forest stretching over 100km along the coast of the state of Selangor. The coastline maintains some of the most productive cockle and coastal fisheries in Malaysia. To support the continued and sustainable use of the Klang Islands fishery and the communities dependent upon them, this project has three aims: 1) to progress the application of nexus thinking to the sustainable management of Klang Island fishery resources; 2) to set the foundations for community-based fishery management in the Klang Islands mangrove system, 3) develop a programme of environmental education emphasising the importance of mangroves.Working with three project partners (Penang Inshore Fishermen Welfare Association, Department of Fisheries, Selangor and Wetlands International) these aims will be achieved through a series of stakeholder workshops, supported by student projects and effective knowledge exchange. The project will initiate communication between stakeholders (fishermen, government, industry and NGOs) and begin a process of empowerment that will encourage fisheries dependent communities to directly participate in fishery resource management. This will directly support the mission "Creating a developed, independent and progressive fishermen community" outlined by the Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia. It will also contribute to strengthening the participation of stakeholders and cooperation between planning and implementation agencies, one of four objectives identified for the implementation of coastal zone management since the Ninth Malaysia Plan. To ensure that this project legacy can be capitalised upon, the structure and mechanisms for ongoing community engagement projects will be established (e.g. appointment of appropriate local community heads, creation of lines of communication between local fishermen associations and local government, identification of roles for project partners).