RCUK-SEA - High Density Air Quality Monitoring in the Klang Valley (Malaysia) - A New High Resolution Observational Capability.

东南亚是世界上人口最稠密的地区之一，工业化进程迅速，人口增长迅速(伴随着城市转移)。在空气质量(AQ)方面，污染物排放和接触人口都在增加。此外，区域土地利用变化、森林砍伐和生物质燃烧都发生在一个大气动荡和充满活力的区域。如果要有效地了解和模拟分布和水平，并最有效地设计和执行政策，就需要在从街道到区域的各种尺度上进行空气质量监测。新的低成本微型传感器技术在环境科学中的出现导致了可用数据和收集新数据的潜力的巨大增加。因此，AQ观测研究可以在更高的分辨率下进行，并与更精细尺度的数值模式相结合。现有的国家一级的AQ监测是利用静态污染监测点网络进行的，由于其成本、规模和后勤要求，这些网络往往相对稀少。大Klang山谷(GKV)区域包括吉隆坡(KL)及其周围的市政区域。它拥有约700万人口，拥有重要的工业活动以及多个地面、海上和空中交通枢纽，其中包括一个主要的国际机场。英国和全球正在出现的重要机遇是如何将新兴的低成本传感技术与现有的高分辨率网络相结合。需要进行研究，以确定从根本上了解城市地区内和周围的污染物在能源-食品-环境关系中的分布所需的测量尺度(时间和空间)。污染物的细尺度分布在水平方向上没有得到很好的研究，在垂直方向上的不确定性更大。随着新传感器技术的部署，模型需要适应使用高分辨率多功能传感来优化通过添加高密度网络数据而获得的信息内容。吉隆坡是一个成熟的地区性特大城市，拥有区域排放足迹，其成功的经济和增长模式正在东南亚复制。了解吉隆坡的AQ分布，并确定吉隆坡的AQ监测和建模的最佳实践，将在整个东南亚产生广泛的影响。在东南亚地区，以及在英国和发展中经济体，这些技术和方法已被证明经常受到空气质量极差的影响。这个项目将使用低成本的微型传感器来加强和扩大现有的相对稀疏的监测网络。他们将被部署在马来西亚的一个案例研究中，特别是在吉隆坡和周围的GKV地区。将使用监管机构广泛使用的扩散模拟工具对结果进行分析。

South East (SE) Asia is one of the most densely populated regions in the world with widespread rapid industrialisation and population growth (with an urban shift). In air quality (AQ) terms, pollutant emissions and exposed populations are both increasing. In addition, regional land use change, deforestation and biomass burning are all occurring within an atmospherically turbulent and energetic region. AQ monitoring is needed on a spectrum of scales ranging from street to regional if distributions and levels are to be understood and modelled effectively and policy most efficiently designed and implemented. The emergence of new low-cost miniaturised sensor technologies in the environmental sciences has led to a huge increase in both available data and a potential for collecting new data. AQ observational studies can therefore be undertaken at higher resolutions and be coupled with numerical models resolving at finer scales.Existing AQ monitoring at national levels is undertaken using networks of static pollution monitoring sites which due to their cost, size and logistical requirements tend to be relatively sparse. The Greater Klang Valley (GKV) area includes the city of Kuala Lumpur (KL) as well as the surrounding municipal areas. It has a population of approximately 7 million and contains significant industrial activity as well as a number of ground, sea and air transport hubs including one major international airport.An emerging and important opportunity in the UK and globally is how to merge emerging low-cost sensing technologies with existing high resolution networks. Studies are needed to establish the scales (time and space) of measurements needed to fundamentally understand the distributions of pollutants in and around urban areas in the context of the Energy-Food-Environment nexus. Fine scale distributions of pollutants are not well studied in the horizontal with even larger uncertainties in the vertical. As new sensor technologies are deployed, models need to adapt to use high resolution multi capability sensing to optimise the information content derived from adding high density network data.KL is an established regional megacity with a regional emissions footprint and its successful economic and growth pattern is being replicated across SE Asia. Understanding AQ distribution in KL and defining best practice for AQ monitoring and modelling in KL will have broad implications across SE Asia. The lessons learnt will be valuable in applying these technologies and methodologies across SE Asia which has shown to be routinely affected by episodes of very poor air quality as well as in the UK and developing economies.This project will use low-cost miniaturised sensors to augment and expand existing relatively sparse monitoring networks. They will be deployed in a case study in Malaysia, specifically in KL and the surrounding GKV area. The results will be analysed using dispersion modelling tools widely used by regulatory bodies.