GCRF Building capacity for sustainable interactions with marine ecosystems for health, wellbeing, food and livelihoods of coastal communities

海洋和海岸以及生活在其中的自然提供多种服务(例如，养殖和野生捕捞富含蛋白质的海产品供当地消费和销售、沿海洪水和风暴防御、旅游、休闲、海洋可再生能源、运输和气候调节)，这些服务可以被开发或被动地用于支持当地经济和沿海社区的健康和福祉。然而，由于扩大对海洋环境的利用，对海洋空间的需求日益增加，人们越来越意识到大部分海洋环境正在恶化。因此，全球对海洋规划的需求日益增长，以确保海洋空间的可持续利用和资源的开采。这一点在东亚和东南亚尤为明显，在这些地区，围绕海洋空间和资源的冲突正在加剧，加上人口增长的压力。在整个东亚和东南亚执行海洋和沿海环境的能力很大程度上是缺乏的，这是一项重大挑战：改善对海洋和沿海环境的综合管理，以减少用户之间的冲突，减轻与扩大或新用途相关的风险，保护脆弱的生态系统，同时支持沿海社区的生计、粮食安全、健康和福祉。我们将通过国际合作、跨学科研究、培训和能力建设来实现这一目标。活动将侧重于研究人员、当地利益攸关方和当地社区之间的边做边学，以交付具有潜在影响的研究成果。我们有五个次级挑战需要应对，与联合国三个可持续发展目标(SDG1无贫困；SDG2零饥饿；SDG3健康和福祉)保持一致：挑战1：通过减少海产品过度开发和环境退化促进可持续捕捞，促进野生捕捞海产品和通过水产养殖生产海产品的可持续管理。挑战2：通过了解气候变化对沿海社区的直接和间接影响，预测和减轻影响，为应对气候变化做好准备，例如，沿海湿地、珊瑚礁和红树林可以减缓洪水、风暴和海啸的影响；对它们的管理不仅是食物来源，而且对人类福祉起着关键作用。挑战3：促进良好健康：我们的目标是展示改进海洋生态系统管理如何促进健康和福祉惠益，包括但不限于粮食和营养，并减少退化和过度开发的生态系统产生的健康风险。挑战4：确定未来增长的机会：改进管理可以通过海洋可再生能源等技术提供更多、可持续的增长机会。我们将需要认识和考虑重大计划下海洋环境利用之间的协同和权衡。挑战5：共同开发和实施海洋计划：海洋计划需要在文化上可接受，促进海洋环境使用者的增长，减少对海洋环境使用者的风险和冲突，同时为改善生计、健康和福祉以及确保海洋生态系统的可持续利用做出贡献。我们将把研究(和边做边学)的重点放在联合国教科文组织印度尼西亚、越南、菲律宾和中国的生物圈保护区和马来西亚海洋保护区的案例研究上。最终，该项目将通过共同发展当地的研究能力、利益攸关方的参与以及为重大计划应用与实际情况相关的工具，为东南亚沿海社区带来经济、社会、健康和环境方面的好处，这些工具的持续时间将远远超过四年计划。我们预计，在未来，人们可以依赖恢复的、更具弹性的海洋生态系统，这些生态系统可以可持续地用于支持和改善生计。这一目标的实现将反过来在学术和非学术合作伙伴之间建立持久的合作，以提供具有变革性影响的研究。

Seas and coasts and the nature that lives in them provide multiple services (e.g. farmed and wild capture protein-rich seafood for local consumption and sale, coastal flood and storm defences, tourism, leisure, marine renewable energy, transport and climate regulation) that can be exploited or are passively used to support local economies and the health and well-being of coastal communities. Yet, there is an increasing demand for ocean space resulting from expanding use of the marine environment, and a growing awareness that much of the marine environment is deteriorating. In response a need for marine planning (MP) has grown globally to ensure sustainable use of marine space and extraction of its resources. This is particularly evident in E and SE Asia, where conflicts over marine space and resources are growing, added to by pressures of population growthThe capacity to implement MP throughout E and SE Asia is largely lacking and presents an overarching challenge: to improve the integrated management of marine and coastal environments to reduce conflict between users, mitigate risks associated with expanded or new uses, and protect fragile ecosystems while supporting livelihoods, food security, health and well-being of coastal communities. We will achieve this through collaborative international, interdisciplinary research, training and capacity building. Activities will focus on learning-by-doing among researchers, local stakeholders, and local communities to deliver research outcomes with potential for impact. We have five sub-challenges to address, aligning with three UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG1 no poverty; SDG2 zero hunger; and SDG3 good health and well-being):Challenge 1: Promote sustainable harvesting by reducing overexploitation of seafood and degradation of the environments, and promoting sustainable management of wild capture seafood and production of seafood through aquaculture. Challenge 2: Prepare for climate change by understanding its direct and indirect effects on coastal communities and anticipating and mitigating the impacts e.g. coastal wetlands, reefs and mangroves dampen the effects of flooding, storms and tsunamis; their management plays a key role on human wellbeing beyond being sources of food. Challenge 3: Promote good health: we aim to show how improved management of marine ecosystems may promote health and wellbeing benefits, including but not limited to food and nutrition, and reduce the health risks that arise from degraded and overexploited ecosystems. Challenge 4: Identify opportunities for future growth: improved management can provide additional, sustainable, opportunities for growth via technologies such as marine renewable energy. We will need to recognise and account for synergies and trade-offs among uses of the marine environment under MP.Challenge 5: Co-development and implementation of MP: marine plans need to be culturally-acceptable, facilitate growth of, and reduce risks to and conflicts among users of the marine environment, and simultaneously contribute to improving livelihoods, health and wellbeing and ensuring sustainable use of marine ecosystems.We will focus research, (and learning-by-doing), on case studies in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines and China and marine protected areas in Malaysia. Ultimately this project will deliver economic, social, health and wellbeing and environmental benefits to coastal communities in SE Asia via co-development of local research capacity, stakeholder engagement, and application of contextually relevant tools for MP that will endure well beyond the four-year programme. We anticipate a future where people can rely on restored and more resilient marine ecosystems that can be used sustainably to support and improve livelihoods. Delivery of that objective will in turn create durable collaborations between academic and non-academic partners to deliver research with transformative impact.