Quantitative Assessment Tool for Wind Effect on Wave Overtopping Seawalls

气候变化预计将导致更强、更频繁的风、风暴和海平面上升，对基础设施造成更严重的不利影响，如洪水对建筑物、发电站、铁路和海防的破坏。这种自然灾害的影响在英国和世界其他国家最近发生的洪水事件中屡见不鲜。近年来，皇家HaskoningDHV报告称，风对海浪漫顶的影响已成为现代海防设计和沿海洪水风险管理的一个越来越令人关注的问题。这种威胁可能会导致意外的沿海洪水，并对沿海基础设施构成额外的洪水风险，特别是在英国作为一个岛国。目前，没有可靠的工具来量化这种风险。目前的工程实践是：(I)忽略风的影响，这将使保护区处于危险之中；或(Ii)包括很大的安全裕度，这将不必要地显著增加海岸防御的成本。安全裕度方法也仅限于现有的已知沿海情景，不能提供对气候变化风险的可靠评估。这是一个明显的知识鸿沟，引起了人们对充分和经济地控制沿海洪水风险的能力日益关注。拟议的项目汇集了来自曼彻斯特大都会大学、皇家哈斯康星DHV、人力资源沃林福德、环境局、EDF Energy和Torbay Council的领先专家，通过开发一种新的评估工具来量化风对海浪漫顶的影响，以解决这些担忧。其目的是将曼彻斯特城市大学强大的双流体模型转化为一种工程工具，以量化风对海浪漫顶的影响，并考虑海平面上升的影响。目标是：(A)采用先进的内部双流体模型来模拟风对越浪的影响；(B)根据HR Wallingford进行的物理模型测试、现场数据和实际工程应用案例，包括正在进行的或最近完成的与环境署、SEPA和EDF Energy的项目，验证模型的有效性；(C)建立一个配套数据库，以便于有效地评估设计和管理中的风险；以及(D)将工具和数据库整合在一个简单的用户友好界面中，以进行有效的沿海洪水管理和控制。主要活动还包括访问Heysham和Torbay，以收集海防数据和过去的事件数据，在这些数据中，风对越浪的影响很大。项目合作伙伴将为项目的监督和指导做出贡献，并提供真实的案例和数据。这将是第一个准确量化风对越浪影响的实用工具。它将提供信息并改进当前的工程实践，消除在基础设施设计和评估中考虑风影响的大安全裕度的需要。主要交付成果和产出将是一个评估工具和一个配套数据库。这些工具将由Royal HaskonDHV用于洪水风险评估、工程设计和沿海洪水预报系统，由EDF Energy用于增强沿海洪水对现有和新建发电厂的风险评估，由环境局用于改进沿海洪水预警服务，以及由Torbay Council用于改进洪水风险管理和支持与未来发展和应急规划相关的决策。开发的工具有可能成为评估风对海浪漫顶影响的重要设计工具，使苏格兰环境保护局、自然资源威尔士、网络铁路和苏格兰交通局等多个组织受益，以便在管理沿海洪水对基础设施的风险方面规划战略或投资决策。该项目将持续14个月，总成本为159K GB，80%FEC。

Climate change is expected to result in stronger and more frequent winds, storms and sea level rise, leading to more severe adverse effects on infrastructure such as flooding damage to buildings, power stations, railways and sea defences. The effects of this natural hazard have been frequently seen in recent flooding events in the UK and other countries worldwide. Over recent years, Royal HaskoningDHV has reported that wind effects on wave overtopping has become an increasing concern for the design of modern sea defences and the management of coastal flood risk. This threat can cause unexpected coastal flooding and pose additional flooding risks to coastal infrastructure, particularly in the UK as an island nation.Currently, there is no reliable tool to quantify such risk. Present engineering practice is to either (i) ignore wind effects, which would put protected areas at risk, or (ii) include a large safety margin, which would significantly increase the cost of coastal defences unnecessarily. The safety margin method is also restricted to existing known coastal scenarios and cannot provide reliable assessment of the risks as climate changes. This is a clear knowledge gap that causes a growing concern for the ability to adequately and economically control coastal flood risk. The proposed project brings together leading experts from Manchester Metropolitan University, Royal HaskoningDHV, HR Wallingford, Environment Agency, EDF Energy and Torbay Council to address the concerns by developing a novel assessment tool to quantify wind effects on wave overtopping. Its aim is to translate the powerful two-fluid model from Manchester Metropolitan University into an engineering tool to quantify wind effects on wave overtopping, accounting for the effects of sea level rise. The objectives are to (a) adapt an advanced in-house two-fluid model for wind effects on wave overtopping, (b) validate the model rigorously against physical modelling tests undertaken at HR Wallingford, field data and real engineering application cases including ongoing or recently completed projects with the Environment Agency, SEPA and EDF Energy by Royal HaskoningDHV, (c) build a companion database to facilitate efficient assessment of the risk in design and management, and (d) enclose the tool and database in a simple user-friendly interface for efficient management and control of coastal flooding. Key activities also include visits to Heysham and Torbay for the collection of sea defence data and past event data where wind effects were significant on wave overtopping. The project partners will contribute to the supervision and steering of the project and provide real cases and data. This will be the first practical tool for accurately quantifying wind effects on wave overtopping. It will inform and improve current engineering practice, removing the need for large safety margins to account for wind effects in infrastructure design and assessment.The main deliverables and outputs will be an assessment tool and a companion database. These tools will be used by Royal HaskoningDHV in the flood risk assessment, engineering design and coastal flood forecasting system, by EDF Energy to enhance the assessment of risks of coastal flooding to existing and new build power plants, by the Environment Agency for an improved coastal flood warning service and by Torbay Council for improving the flood risk management and supporting decisions relating to future development and emergency planning. The developed tool has the potential to become a vital design tool in assessing wind effects on wave overtopping, benefiting various organisations such as the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Natural Resources Wales, Network Rail and Transport Scotland for the multiple purposes of planning strategic or investment decisions in management of coastal flooding risks to infrastructure. The project will last 14 months with a total cost of £159k at 80% FEC.