Reconstructing paleoclimate and ice-sheet dynamics from continental slope deposits

该项目的目的是确定南极洲罗斯海东部大陆斜坡上不同的沉积物类型。这将有助于了解罗斯海陆架和斜坡是如何随着时间的推移而发展的，以及在那里发生的不同过程。这将使我们能够重建过去南极西部冰盖和气候是如何变化的，例如，冰从南极大陆延伸到多远，冰是如何波动的，以及这些变化发生的时间。这对我们了解未来南极洲周围的冰会如何变化，以及这对全球海平面的影响非常重要。了解这些变化具有重要的全球意义，因为南极洲正在经历迅速的冰损失。近年来，一些地方的冰损失翻了一番。这是由于海洋和大气环流的变化，对南极大陆架暖水团的观测增加。据了解，海洋变暖是造成冰盖迅速退缩和不稳定的主要因素之一，可能导致不可逆转的影响。近年来，深海洋流也发生了变化。这些洋流具有全球性的重要性，因为它们将寒冷、含盐的海水转移到深海，最终形成全球洋流。这最终会影响全球气候。过去三十年的海洋学测量表明，洋流的温度、盐度、密度和深度发生了重大变化，影响了向深海供应的高密度水。为了了解过去数百万年的过程记录，我们将在国际海洋发现计划（IODP）第374次探险期间，使用钻探船JOIDES Resolution在海底下钻1公里来收集沉积物样本。这次考察计划于2018年1月进行。主要的科学目标是确定数百万年来在大陆斜坡上起作用的过程，以及这些过程如何受到冰川/气候循环的影响。我们将使用一系列采样技术，包括获取沉积物样本和井下测井数据，这些数据是通过将专门的测井设备下放到海底的钻孔中收集的。我们将通过分析沉积物岩心物质来确定不同的斜坡过程。这将有助于我们了解不同沉积物的发生、特征、频率和时间，从而揭示在该地区发生了什么过程。我们将根据IODP远征374期间进行的分析，研究沉积物与冰川/气候循环的关系。我们将把这些数据与区域地球物理数据结合起来，包括海底测深和海底结构的信息，以提供有关海底表面和地下形状的信息。这将允许从海底形态中识别最近的过程。

The aim of the project is to determine the different sediment types on the eastern Ross Sea continental slope, Antarctica. This will help to understand how the Ross Sea shelf and slope developed over time, and the different processes that operated there. This will allow us to reconstruct how the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and climate changed in the past, for example, how far ice extended from the Antarctic continent, how the ice fluctuated, and when these changes occurred. This is important in order for us to understand how ice may change around Antarctica in the future, and the effects this will have on global sea level. Understanding these changes is of significant global importance because Antarctica is experiencing rapid ice loss. This ice loss has doubled in recent years in places. This is due to changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation, with increased observations of warm water masses on the Antarctic shelf. Ocean warming is understood to be one of the main factors causing rapid ice-sheet retreat and instability, leading to potentially irreversible effects. There have also been changes in deep ocean currents in recent years. These currents have global importance as they transfer cold, salty waters to the deep ocean which eventually feed into global ocean currents. This ultimately affects global climate. Oceanographic measurements over the last three decades show significant changes in temperature, salinity, density and depth of the currents, impacting the supply of dense water to the deep ocean. To understand the record of past processes over millions of years, we will collect sediment samples by drilling up to 1 km beneath the seafloor using the drill ship JOIDES Resolution during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 374. The expedition is scheduled for January 2018. The main scientific objective is to identify what processes were operating on the continental slope over millions of years and how these processes were influenced by glacial / climate cycles. We will use a range of sampling techniques including obtaining sediment samples and downhole logging data, collected by lowering specialised logging equipment down the drilled holes in the seafloor. We will identify the different slope processes by analysing the sediment core material. This will help us to understand the occurrence, characteristics, frequency and timing of the different sediment deposits which will shed light on what processes were operating in the region. We will look at how the sediment deposits relate to glacial / climate cycles, based on analysis carried out during IODP Expedition 374. We will combine this with regional geophysical data, including information on the seafloor bathymetry and structure beneath the seafloor, to provide information about the shape of the seafloor surface and sub-surface. This will allow recent processes to be identified from seafloor morphology.