TRAINING IN BLOOD SAFETY IN HAITI

这项提案的目的是在康奈尔大学威尔医学院（前身为康奈尔大学医学院）、海地卡波西肉瘤和机会性感染研究小组（GHESKIO）、海地红十字会和海地卫生部的研究人员之前成功合作的基础上，为海地制定一个国家血液安全计划，这可能会成为其他发展中国家血液安全计划的典范。1983年，在海地艾滋病流行的早期阶段，康奈尔-格斯基奥研究人员的研究表明，在太子港，40%感染艾滋病的妇女接受过输血。康奈尔大学-盖斯基奥大学的研究人员发现，一家营利性血库是其中许多输血的来源。根据这一信息，海地卫生部于1986年关闭了营利性血库，并由海地红十字会负责海地的血液安全。1988年，在福格蒂培训补助金的帮助下，康奈尔- gheskio研究人员对海地红十字会的行政和技术人员进行了血液安全检测方面的培训。海地红十字会在康奈尔-盖斯基奥研究人员的持续技术咨询下，继续监测太子港的血液安全。目前的提议旨在巩固海地红十字会在太子港的培训，并将其活动扩展到占海地人口70%的农村地区。培训直接参与血库业务的人员（实验室技术人员、咨询人员和数据录入人员）以及最有可能使用血液制品的医生（产科医生和外科医生）将是最优先的事项。此外，将教育和鼓励公众定期献血，避免有偿献血者。目前的提案还旨在解决对海地血液安全具有重要意义的几个研究领域：1)确定海地城乡献血者中血源性病原体感染的患病率和危险因素，包括HIV-1、HIV-2、HTLV-1、HCV、HBV、梅毒和疟疾；2)确定“窗口期”（即从HIV感染到产生标准ELISA检测到的HIV抗体之间的时间）内HIV感染者献血者的流行情况及其危险因素。

The objective of this proposal is to build on previous successful collaborations between (Cornell) researchers from Weill Medical College of Cornell University (formerly known as Cornell University Medical College), the Haitian Study Group on Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), the Haitian Red Cross, and the Haitian Ministry of Health to develop a national blood safety program for Haiti, which may serve as a model for blood safety programs in other developing countries. Studies by Cornell-GHESKIO researchers in 1983, during the early stages of the HIV epidemic in Haiti, demonstrated that 40% of the HIV infected women in Port- au-Prince had received a blood transfusion. Cornell-GHESKIO researchers identified a for-profit blood bank as a source of many of these transfusions. Based upon this information, the Haitian Ministry of Health closed the for-profit blood bank in 1986, and placed the Haitian Red Cross in charge of blood safety in Haiti. In 1988, with the assistance of a Fogarty training grant, Cornell-GHESKIO researchers trained the administration and technical staff of the Haitian Red Cross in blood safety testing. The Haitian Red Cross, with on-going technical advice from Cornell-GHESKIO researchers, continues to monitor blood safety in Port-au-Prince. The current proposal aims to solidify the training of the Haitian Red Cross in Port-au-Prince and to expand their activities to rural Haiti where 70% of the population lives. The highest priority will be given to the training of personnel directly involved in blood banking operations (laboratory technicians, counselors and data entry staff), as well as physicians who are most likely to use blood products (obstetricians and surgeons). In addition, the general public will be educated and encouraged to give regular blood donations and to avoid paid donors. The current proposal also aims to address several areas of research of importance for blood safety in Haiti: 1) determine the prevalence rate and risk factors for infection with blood borne pathogens among blood donors in urban and rural Haiti including HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-1, HCV, HBV, syphilis, and malaria; 2) determine the prevalence and risk factors among blood donors of HIV-infected individuals in the "window period", the time between HIV infection and development of HIV antibodies detectable by standard ELISA assays.