Establishing Transport for London's first evidence-based approach to strategic green infrastructure for improved roadside air quality & public health

伦敦交通局（TfL）的这项创新项目的总体目标是建立其第一个基于证据的方法，使用战略性绿色基础设施（GI）来改善路边空气质量（RAQ）。伦敦交通局及其主席，伦敦市长，致力于他们的健康街道方法，把人和他们的健康放在设计决策的中心。GI（即，树木、树篱和绿色墙）和“清洁空气”已经是不可或缺的，后者是其关键指标之一。然而，伦敦交通局目前缺乏一种基于证据的方法来使用一种方法来追求另一种方法：即，针对具体地点的地理标志干预措施，以减少公众对道路运输排放的暴露-有力地补充了伦敦交通局现有的减少暴露（例如仔细定位公交车站）和减少源头排放（例如公交车电气化）的努力。GI对RAQ的影响，无论是积极的还是消极的，都主要取决于特定场地的条件，包括：街道几何形状，“街道峡谷”底部的现有RAQ和高空的平均空气质量（AQ），以及GI的类型，大小和位置。该布局将建立一个强大的“GI 4 RAQ”干预方法，以提供可靠的RAQ改善，最初基于定性排名。利用TfL广泛的地理信息系统（GIS），该方法还将为定量GI 4 RAQ平台（通过NERC创新探路者开始; NE/S 00582 X/1）在许多地点的应用做好准备。该职位将在组织内部进行，确保与现有决策实践的兼容性，通过研究员与以下人员之间的密切合作：- Yvonne Brown，伦敦交通局空气质量和气候变化首席政策分析师- John帕克，伦敦交通局树木栽培和景观经理兼伦敦树木官员协会主席- Lucy Saunders，健康街道方法的开发者兼伦敦交通局/ GLA的伦敦交通和公共卫生一体化领导。大伦敦管理局（GLA）负责首都的交通、警务、经济发展和应急规划。它创建了TfL来提供运输服务。LoS的证据有力的支持，从两个：-莉莉马特森，交通战略主任在伦敦交通局，和-彼得·马西尼，导致绿色基础设施在GLA的安置将进一步发展研究员的关系，与伦敦交通局和GLA（和伯明翰大学; UoB），他通过探路者，作为“共同投资/研究员”。与GLA的联系提供了影响政策的独特机会：每个伦敦自治市理事会的地方计划必须符合GLA的伦敦计划;英国各地的地方当局在制定地方计划时都会参考该计划来确定前进方向。Peter Massini在他的LoS中概述了安置的产出将如何有助于下一个伦敦计划（将于6日晚些时候公布），特别是拟议的“空气质量积极”政策。伯明翰大学和伯明翰市理事会之间建立的关系（在探路者中受到重视，并支持即将到来的NERC RISE计划，重点是西米德兰兹郡空气质量）将确保伦敦的GI 4 RAQ方法可直接转移到伯明翰。UoB在城市空气质量研究方面有着长期而成熟的记录，包括即将投入使用的城市空气观测站，由NERC资本拨款资助，以及目前在印度和中国的国际NERC资助的研究项目（NE/P016499/1 & NE/N 007077/1）。在其空气质量研究中，UoB一直致力于将结果转化为以解决方案为重点的决策支持，为从业者和政策制定者提供支持，例如其最近的“城市空气质量的第一步”指南（http：//epapers.bham.ac.uk/3069/）和获奖的AIRUSE LIFE+计划输出（http：//airuse.eu/）。该提案建立在进一步NERC资金（CLAIRE-UK，NE/I 012567/1和CityFlocks，NE/N 003195/1）和ERC资金（FASTER; ERC-2012-AdG 32082）的基础上。

The overarching aim of this Innovation Placement at Transport for London (TfL) is to establish its first evidence-based approach to the use of strategic green infrastructure (GI) to improve roadside air quality (RAQ). TfL and its Chair, the Mayor of London, are committed to their Healthy Streets Approach, putting people and their health at the centre of design decisions. GI (i.e., trees, hedges and green walls) and 'clean air' are already integral to this, the latter one of its key indicators. However, TfL currently lacks an evidence-based method of using one in pursuit of the other: i.e., site-specific GI interventions to reduce the public's exposure to road transport emissions - strongly complementing TfL's existing efforts to reduce exposure (e.g. careful positioning of bus stops) and reduce emissions at source (e.g. electrification of buses). The impacts of GI on RAQ, be they positive or negative, depend critically on site-specific conditions, including: street geometry, existing RAQ at the base of the 'street canyon' and average air quality (AQ) aloft - as well as type, size and positioning of GI.The Placement will establish a robust approach to 'GI4RAQ' interventions to deliver reliable improvements in RAQ, initially based on qualitative ranking. Exploiting TfL's extensive Geographic Information System (GIS), the approach will also prepare for the application of a quantitative GI4RAQ platform (begun via a NERC Innovation Pathfinder; NE/S00582X/1) to numerous sites. The Placement will do so from within the organisation, ensuring compatibility with existing decision-making practices, through close collaboration between the Researcher and:- Yvonne Brown, Principal Policy Analyst for Air Quality and Climate Change at TfL- John Parker, Arboriculture and Landscape Manager at TfL & Chair of the London Tree Officers Association- Lucy Saunders, Developer of the Healthy Streets Approach & Lead for Integration of Transport and Public Health in London at TfL / GLA.The Greater London Authority (GLA) governs transport, policing, economic development and emergency planning across the capital. It created TfL to deliver its transport services. The LoS evidence strong support from both:- Lilli Matson, Director of Transport Strategy at TfL, and- Peter Massini, Lead for Green Infrastructure at the GLAThe Placement will further develop the Researcher's relationships with TfL and the GLA (and those of the University of Birmingham; UoB) he initiated through the Pathfinder, as 'Co-I/Researcher'. Links to the GLA offer a unique opportunity to influence policy: the Local Plan of each London borough council must conform with the GLA's London Plan; and local authorities across the UK look to it for the direction of travel as they develop their Local Plans. Peter Massini outlines in his LoS how the Placement's outputs will contribute to the next London Plan (due to be published 6 later), particularly a proposed 'Air Quality Positive' policy. An established relationship between the UoB and Birmingham City Council (valued in the Pathfinder and underpinning an upcoming NERC RISE programme focussed on West Midlands AQ) will ensure the approach to GI4RAQ in London is directly transferrable to Birmingham.The UoB has a long and mature track record in urban AQ research, including the soon-to-be commissioned Urban Air Observatory, funded through a NERC capital grant, and current international NERC-funded research programmes in India and China (NE/P016499/1 & NE/N007077/1). Throughout its AQ research, the UoB has sought to translate results into solutions-focused, decision-support for practitioners and policy-makers, such as its recent 'First Steps in Urban Air Quality' guide (http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/3069/) and the award-winning AIRUSE LIFE+ programme output (http://airuse.eu/). This proposal builds on further NERC funding (CLAIRE-UK, NE/I012567/1 & CityFlocks, NE/N003195/1) and ERC funding (FASTER; ERC-2012-AdG32082).