Safeguarding Pollination Services in a Changing World: theory into practice (SURPASS2)

由于集约化农业、栖息地丧失、气候变化和物种入侵等因素，昆虫传粉媒介在全球范围内都在减少。这是拉丁美洲（LATAM）的一个主要问题，它威胁着经济上重要的作物和更广泛的生物多样性。这些损失对拉丁美洲的影响仍然知之甚少，这削弱了制定政策的能力，这些政策对减轻传粉媒介损失和支持农业生产和更广泛的生态系统健康至关重要。需要一个新的、连贯的证据基础，考虑对单个物种的影响、它们的分布和种群、它们所处的景观以及它们向不同作物授粉的独特能力。没有这一点，就不可能开发出政策制定者实现可持续农业经济所需要的应用实验和建模解决方案。该提案以牛顿第一阶段项目“超越”为基础，该项目由37名参与者组成，确定了优先保护和可持续利用拉丁美洲传粉媒介的知识差距、问题和研究领域。SURPASS2的目标是为创建弹性授粉服务提供证据，以促进可持续经济增长，改善人类健康和福祉，并取得积极的环境和农业成果。这将通过与学术界和利益攸关方共同设计的五个主要目标来解决，这些目标将建立相互关联的工作包，以建立管理授粉服务的能力并提供切实的成果。我们的目标将通过四项工作来实现：监测种群并了解其分布：在制定任何有效的解决方案来管理拉丁美洲传粉媒介之前，我们必须了解物种的当前分布，并制定和试验长期监测方法。只有了解传粉者可以在哪里找到，我们才能开发出实用的解决方案来管理它们。我们将设计一个标准化框架，通过现有和新的监测计划，包括公民科学，评估传粉媒介种群的现状和趋势。WP2)传粉媒介所处的环境如何影响它们，以及这种环境如何影响为作物提供授粉的能力：土地利用变化和土地管理是影响传粉媒介种群的基本因素。我们将在拉丁美洲进行详细的景观规模实验，重点关注具有经济意义的作物的生产，以了解景观管理如何影响传粉媒介及其提供的授粉服务。这将为模型提供数据，并帮助种植者、土地管理者和决策者优化授粉，以可持续地提高作物产量和质量。我们还将量化传粉媒介入侵物种对野生和本地昆虫传粉媒介和植物的影响。WP3)了解全国范围内主要作物授粉不足的情况，确定授粉服务面临高风险的地区。利用最先进的卫星图像，我们将绘制全国主要昆虫授粉作物的分布图。我们将把这些数据与昆虫传粉者群落的分布联系起来，以评估这些种群是否提供了足够的传粉，并模拟这些群落对物种损失的适应能力。由于每种传粉昆虫都是独一无二的，它们的损失可能会对农业生产产生巨大影响。WP4)制定国家规模的预测框架，以支持实现授粉对农业生产力效益最大化的政策目标。这将把WP1-3的结果整合到传粉媒介群落模型中，为从昆虫授粉中受益的不同利益相关者制定有效的决策过程策略。这将为与利益攸关方合作制定路线图提供框架，以最大限度地提高拉丁美洲的授粉服务和长期监测。

Insect pollinators have undergone declines across the world, a result of factors including intensive agriculture, habitat loss, climate change and invasive species. This represents a major concern in Latin America (LATAM) where it threatens economically important crops and wider biodiversity. The impact of these losses in LATAM remains poorly understood, undermining the capacity to develop policies vital to mitigate pollinator losses and support both agricultural production and wider ecosystem health. A new, coherent evidence base is required, that considers impacts on individual species, their distributions and populations, the landscapes they persist in and their unique capacities to deliver pollination to different crops. Without this it will not be possible to develop the applied experimental and modelling solutions policy makers need to deliver sustainable farming economies. This proposal builds on Newton Phase 1 project SURPASS, an international collaboration between 37 participants, that identified knowledge gaps, issues, and research areas that prioritise conservation and sustainable use of LATAM pollinators. The SURPASS2 goal is to deliver evidence for the creation of resilient pollination services for sustainable economic growth, improved human health and wellbeing as well as positive environmental and agricultural outcomes. This will be addressed by five main objectives, co-designed with academics and stakeholders that establish interconnected work packages that build capacity to manage pollination services and provide tangible outcomes. Our goals will be delivered through 4 work packages: WP1) Monitoring populations and understanding their distributions: before any effective solution can be developed to manage LATAM pollinators it is crucial that we understand the current distribution of species and develop and trial approaches for long term monitoring. Only by understanding where pollinators can be found can we develop applied solutions to manage them. We will design a standardised framework to assess the status and trends of pollinator populations through existing and new monitoring schemes, including citizen science. WP2) How does the environment in which pollinators live affect them, and how does this affect capacity to provide crop pollination: Land use change and land management represent fundamental factors affecting pollinator populations. We will undertake detailed landscape scale experiments across LATAM focusing on production of economically significant crops to understand how landscape management affects pollinators and the pollination services they supply. This will provide data for models and help growers, land managers and policy makers to optimise pollination to sustainably increase crop yields and quality. We will also quantify how invasive species of pollinators impact on wild and native insect pollinators and plants. WP3) Understanding national scale deficits in pollination for key crops identifying areas where pollination services are at high risk. Using cutting edge satellite imagery we will map nationally the occurrence of key insect pollinated crops. We will link this data to the distribution of insect pollinator communities to assess if these populations provide adequate pollination, as well as modelling how resilient these communities are to species losses. As each species of insect pollinator is unique their loss can have potentially huge consequences for agricultural production. WP4) Develop a national scale predictive framework to support policy goals of maximising benefits for agricultural productivity provided by pollination. This will integrate results from WP1-3 to model pollinator communities to develop effective strategies for decision making processes for different stakeholders that benefit from insect pollination. This will provide the framework to work with stakeholders to produce a roadmap for maximising pollination services and long term monitoring in LATAM.