EFFICACY OF CANINE DISTEMPER MEASLES VACCINE VS MEASLES VACCINE IN RHESUS

意义麻疹是一种高度传染性的副粘病毒，它可以 导致一场几乎100%的发病率和高达27%的死亡率的流行性传染病 在恒河猴身上。由于麻疹的成本令人望而却步 接种疫苗，许多灵长类机构选择不为他们的 殖民地。目的确定犬瘟热-麻疹是否存在 疫苗与目前使用的疫苗一样有效，但成本高昂， 麻疹疫苗在保护猕猴中的作用。结果 比较麻疹疫苗试验(N=56)，由三项试验组成 接种方案：犬瘟-麻疹疫苗(CD-M) 免疫后3个月加强免疫(CD-M+)和麻疹 疫苗。在0、3、7和11个时间点通过IFA测定抗体效价 免疫后几个月。两个CD-M疫苗接种组100% 产生了可检测到的麻疹抗体，而只有81.2%的 麻疹疫苗接种组出现可检测到的抗体。一年 接种后，每次接种六只幼崽的子集 一组和三名未接种疫苗的对照组接种麻疹 病毒。病毒分离，血清病毒中和试验， 鼻咽抽吸、血细胞计数、流式细胞仪分析。 评估病毒血症、中和抗体、病毒脱落和免疫 分别作出回应。在被挑战的青少年中，只有对照组 动物患上了标志性的斑丘疹。该控件 动物在接种后21天内被发现有病毒感染 麻疹病毒分离与确诊中的CPE观察 IFA。三只接种了麻疹疫苗的青少年和两只CD-M动物 已确认接种后病毒感染。只有对照动物脱毛 当受到挑战时，麻疹病毒；病毒脱落发生在 病毒血症，与皮疹的出现相吻合。两个CD-M 接种组中和抗体滴度较高， CD-M+疫苗接种组显示出两倍以上的增长 麻疹疫苗接种后血清中和抗体效价的研究 一群人。各组外周血淋巴细胞亚群均为 在正常的参考范围内。未来方向决定 猕猴的保护性麻疹抗体效价。关键词 麻疹病毒，红疹，恒河猴，猕猴，临床 麻疹疫苗试验

Significance Measles is a highly infectious paramyxovirus that can cause an epizootic with almost 100% morbidity and up to 27% mortality in rhesus macaques. Due to the cost prohibitive nature of measles vaccination, many primate facilities elect not to immunize their colonies. Objective To determine if the canine distemper-measles vaccine was as effective as the currently used, but cost-prohibitive, measles vaccine in protecting rhesus macaques. Results The comparative measles vaccine trial (N=56) consisted of three vaccination regimens canine distemper-measles vaccine (CD-M), CD-M with a booster at 3 months post-immunization (CD-M+) and measles vaccine. Antibody titers were assessed via IFA at 0, 3, 7, and 11 months post-immunization. 100% of both CD-M vaccination groups developed detectable measles antibodies, while only 81.2% of the measles vaccination group developed detectable antibodies. One year post-vaccination, a subset of six juveniles from each vaccination group and three unvaccinated controls were challenged with measles virus. Virus isolation, serum-virus neutralization tests, naso-pharyngeal aspiration, CBC and FACS analysis were employed to assess viremia, neutralization antibodies, viral shedding and immune response respectively. Of the challenged juveniles, only the control animals developed the hallmark maculopapular rash. The control animals were found to be viremic for 21 days post-inoculation by observation of measles CPE in virus isolation and confirmed by measles IFA. Three measles vaccinated juveniles and two CD-M animals were confirmed viremic post-inocculation. Only the control animals shed measles virus when challenged; the viral shedding occurred during viremia and coincided with the appearance of the rash. Both CD-M vaccination groups had higher neutralization antibody titers and the CD-M+ vaccination group showed a greater than two fold increase in serum neutralization antibody titers over the measles vaccination group. Peripheral blood lymphocyte sub-populations in all groups were within normal reference ranges. Future Directions Determine protective measles antibody titers in rhesus macaques. KEYWORDS measles virus, rubeola, rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, clinical measles vaccine trial