Inuit Qaujisarnirmut Pilirijjutit on Arctic Shipping Risks in Inuit Nunangat

由于气候变化导致的海冰减少使北冰洋更容易进入。因此，随着自然资源和亚洲、欧洲和北美之间较短的过境路线的开发，预计未来几年因努伊特努南加特沃茨内的海运将大幅增加。虽然航运业在支持整个因纽特努南加特的经济方面发挥着关键作用，但北极航运的增加给该地区的自然和文化遗产带来了各种威胁。这些威胁对因努伊特人社区的健康、福祉和生计产生广泛影响，需要加以评估和减轻。该项目是由加拿大和联合王国的几个因纽特人组织、因纽特人社区和学术界共同设计的，直接应对这些挑战。将采用各种方法，包括风险绘图、现有数据建模、社区青年培训和知识文献讲习班以及机会之船，来开展五项主要研究活动，旨在确定和评估因努伊特人努南加特地区航运业预期增长的实际解决方案。Piliriqatigiingniq原则，广义上定义为尊重并利用一切可用资源，网络，技术和流程的过程，以达到最佳的合作解决方案。我们将采用Aajiiqatigiingniq研究方法（ARM），该方法植根于因努伊特人Qaujimajatuqangit和因努伊特人特有的知识建设和意义创造方法，通过包容性和参与性的小组进程共同建立协议。这一进程使因努伊特人能够界定对某一问题的已知和集体理解，并为因努伊特人收集、审查和分析信息提供便利（例如科学数据、因纽特人的知识）（无论使用何种方法）反复确定新信息对已知/理解的相关性和影响。该项目由智慧委员会指导，将涉及科学家，通过一系列共同学习讲习班、取样和分析活动以及信息/成果分享聚会，与社区组织、因努伊特人和北方社区研究助理和青年、当地因努伊特人知识持有者以及船舶经营者进行了交流。我们专注于反映商定和共同开发的研究目标的五项关键活动，包括：活动1）分析因纽特人努南加特过去、现在和预测的未来航运交通，活动2）调查水下噪音对海洋哺乳动物、狩猎和（国家）粮食安全的影响，活动3）测量船源空气和海洋污染，活动4）评估由于船舶交通引入非本地物种的情况，活动5）绘制风险图，将活动1-4的产出结合起来，进一步确定相关的风险缓解技术和自主制定的海洋管理战略，以应对已确定的挑战。在进行研究时，我们将依靠两个研究平台：基于社区的研究和机会之船。这些互补的方法将使我们既能够关注通常使用的航运走廊，也能够收集历史上航运活动水平较低的社区（即，阿尔维亚特、努纳武特）和经历过相对高水平航运活动的社区（即，Pond Inlet，努纳武特）。

Diminishing sea ice due to climate change is making the Arctic Ocean more accessible. As a result, marine shipping within Inuit Nunangat waters is expected to increase dramatically in coming years as natural resources and shorter transit routes between Asia, Europe and North America are exploited. While the shipping industry plays a pivotal role in supporting the economy across Inuit Nunangat, increased Arctic shipping brings various threats to natural and cultural heritage in the region. These threats, which have wide-ranging consequences for the health, well-being and livelihoods of Inuit communities, need to be assessed and mitigated. This project has been co-designed in direct response to these challenges by several Inuit organizations, Inuit communities, and academics in Canada and the UK. A combination of methods, including risk mapping, modelling of existing data, community youth training and knowledge documentation workshops, and ships of opportunity, will be used to address five main research activities designed to identify and assess practical solutions for the anticipated increase in shipping across Inuit Nunangat.The project is intentionally designed to reflect Inuit social values, Inuit Qaujisarnirmut (knowledge), and the principle of Piliriqatigiingniq, which is broadly defined as the process of respectful coming together and use of every resource, network, technology, and process available, in order to arrive at the best possible collaborative solution to a challenge. We will employ the Aajiiqatigiingniq Research Methodology (ARM), which is rooted in Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit and Inuit-specific methods for knowledge-building and meaning-making to build agreement together through group processes that are inclusive and participatory. This process enables Inuit to define what is known and collectively understood about an issue and facilitates a format for Inuit to gather, review and analyse information (e.g. scientific data, Inuit knowledge) as it is gathered (regardless of method used) to iteratively determine the relevance and impacts of new information on what is already known/understood.The project, guided by a wisdom committee, will involve scientists, community organizations, Inuit and Northern community research associates and youth, local Inuit knowledge holders, and ship operators through a series of co-learning workshops, sampling and analysis activities, and information/results sharing gatherings. We focus on five key activities that reflect the agreed upon and co-developed research objectives and these include: Activity 1) analyses of past, present, and projected future shipping traffic for Inuit Nunangat, Activity 2) investigation of underwater noise impacts on marine mammals, hunting, and (country) food security, Activity 3) measurement of ship-source air and marine pollution, Activity 4) evaluation of the introduction of non-indigenous species due to ship traffic, and Activity 5) the development of risks maps that integrate outputs from Activities 1-4 and further identification of relevant risk mitigation techniques and self-determined ocean government strategies that could deal with identified challenges. While conducting the research, we will rely on two research platforms: community-based research and ships of opportunity. These complimentary approaches will allow us to focus both on typically used shipping corridors and also to gather baseline data and comparative data between a community that has historically experienced low levels of shipping activity (i.e., Arviat, Nunavut) and a community that has experienced relatively high levels of shipping activity (i.e., Pond Inlet, Nunavut).