UK OSNAP 4

来自测量和模型的越来越多的证据表明，亚极地北大西洋输送热量和淡水的重要性。它们通过温度、降水和风力影响北大西洋、欧洲和全球气候，也影响萨赫勒、亚马逊和美国部分地区的海洋生态系统、飓风和降雨。亚极地北大西洋环流的行为与北大西洋亚热带环流有很大不同，它们输送和储存热量和淡水的机制和时间尺度也非常不同。2014年前，对北大西洋次极地的测量不足，而且在仅限于海洋的气候模式和耦合气候模式中存在缺陷，导致人们对北大西洋在21世纪将如何演变的预测缺乏信心。UK-OSNAP 4是英国一个为期10年的方案的下一个阶段，该方案旨在产生对北大西洋次极的新知识和理解，以改进对该区域对气候的贡献的预测，作为对国际合作项目OSNAP(在北大西洋次极方案中颠覆)的贡献。我们提出了一个持续观测北大西洋亚极环流和通量的方案；这是英国对国际跨流域、全深度海洋观测阵列的贡献。

There is mounting evidence from measurements and models of the importance of the transports of heat and freshwater by the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean. They impact on North Atlantic, European and global climate via temperature, precipitation and wind strength, and also on marine ecosystems, hurricanes, rainfall in the Sahel, the Amazon and parts of the US. The subpolar North Atlantic behaves substantially differently from the subtropical North Atlantic circulation, and their mechanisms and timescales for transport and storage of heat and freshwater are very different. Prior to 2014 the subpolar North Atlantic was inadequately measured, and shortcomings in its representation in ocean-only and coupled climate models lead to low confidence in projections of how it will evolve over the 21st century. UK-OSNAP 4 is the next stage in a 10-year long UK programme to generate new knowledge and understanding of the subpolar North Atlantic to improve predictions of the contribution of the region to climate as a contribution to the international collaborative project OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Programme). We propose a programme of sustained observation of subpolar North Atlantic circulation and fluxes; a UK contribution to an international trans-basin, full-depth ocean observation array.