Developing solutions for temperature-related health impacts in the UK

人们越来越认识到，环境温度和其他气候因素可以通过多种途径影响英国人口的健康，从直接影响（如热浪期间死亡和住院人数增加）到间接过程（如气候因素在推动蜱虫和其他可能导致疾病的媒介传播中的作用）。因此，了解这些影响并制定解决方案需要多学科的专业知识，NIHR健康保护研究单位（HPRU）在环境变化与健康方面具有独特的优势，因为其长期的研究和培训计划已经有助于改善对气候变化和其他环境挑战的健康影响的理解，保护英国公共健康所需的行动，以及改善旨在减少温室气体排放的政策健康状况的机会。LSHTM，UKHSA，UCL和气象局之间的这种伙伴关系由长期处于气候变化和健康研究前沿的成员组成，他们在健康，环境科学，行为和社会科学，建筑科学，气候变化，健康经济学，昆虫生物学和数学建模方面具有专业知识：https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/research/centres-projects-groups/hpru-ech#welcomeThe由HPRU联盟领导的这个新项目的目的是促进更多的气候科学家。气候和健康科学界之间的强有力和持久的联系，并产生与气候因素相关的全方位健康影响的政策相关证据，这些证据可以为适应和缓解措施提供信息，并提高英国人口的气候适应能力。该项目的目标是：制定和应用各种方法，以更好地检测与天气有关的健康影响，并确定与气候暴露有关的高风险群体和健康不平等;在家庭、人造和自然环境中开展一项专门的工作方案，以更好地了解与气候有关的健康影响以及与这些环境中的干预措施有关的收益和风险;制定一个国家综合人口模型，将环境、人口和社会经济数据与详细的空间信息结合起来，用于量化不同环境干预措施对人口健康和健康不平等的影响，该项目通过评估气候变化对一系列健康结果的影响来响应这一呼吁，包括新使用英国肾脏登记处的自动警报系统，该系统能够评估急性肾损伤发作的时间是否与极端温度相吻合。我们将估计不同全球变暖情景下未来死亡率和发病率的影响。我们将评估与一系列适应战略相关的健康效益和经济成本，包括住房部门的建筑设计和改造措施，未来城市化趋势对城市热岛的影响，以及自然环境干预措施，如城市树木的冷却潜力，以提高人口对气候变化的适应能力。我们将量化实现政府净零目标所需的减缓政策的健康效益。这一雄心勃勃的项目还将通过制定培训课程和卫生研究人员到气象局的安置访问计划，提高气候和健康科学家之间的研究能力。HPRU广泛的利益相关者参与和其他知识动员活动将确保研究产生最大的政策影响。HPRU专门的公众参与和参与小组将为研究规划和成果传播提供信息。

There is growing recognition that ambient temperature and other climate factors can affect the health of the UK population via multiple pathways, ranging from direct impacts such as increased deaths and hospital admissions during a heat-wave, to indirect processes such as the role of climate factors in driving the spread of ticks and other vectors that can cause diseases. Understanding such impacts and developing solutions therefore requires multi-disciplinary expertise which the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) on Environmental Change and Health is uniquely placed to deliver since its long-standing programme of research and training is already contributing to improved understanding of the health impacts of climate change and other environmental challenges, the actions needed to protect UK public health, and the opportunities for improving health of policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This partnership between LSHTM, UKHSA, UCL, and the Met Office consists of members who have long been at the forefront of research into climate change and health, with expertise in health, environmental science, behavioural and social science, building science, climate change, health economics, insect biology, and mathematical modelling:https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/research/centres-projects-groups/hpru-ech#welcomeThe aims of this new project led by the HPRU consortium plus additional climate scientists are to foster strong and enduring links between the climate and health science communities and to generate policy-relevant evidence on the full range of health impacts associated with climate factors that can inform adaptation and mitigation measures and enhance climate resilience of the UK population. The project objectives are:To develop and apply methods for improved detection of weather-related health impacts and to identify high-risk groups and health inequalities associated with climate exposures.To undertake a dedicated programme of work in the home, built and natural environments that will improve understanding of climate-related health impacts and the gains and risks associated with interventions in these settings.To develop a national synthetic population model incorporating environmental, demographic and socio-economic data with detailed spatial information that can be used to quantify the impacts of different environmental interventions on population health and health inequalities, which can inform local and national policies.The project responds to the call by assessing the impacts of climate variability on a range of health outcomes, including novel use of the UK Renal Registry's automated alert system which enables assessment of whether the timing of Acute Kidney Injury episodes coincide with temperature extremes. We will estimate future mortality and morbidity impacts under different global warming scenarios. We will evaluate the health benefits and economic costs associated with a range of adaptation strategies, including building design and retrofit measures in the housing sector, the impacts of future urbanisation trends on urban heat islands, and natural environment interventions such as the cooling potential of urban trees in enhancing population adaptation to climate change. We will quantify the health benefits of mitigation policies needed to achieve the Government's net zero targets.This ambitious project will also enhance research capacity between climate and health scientists by developing a programme of training courses and placement visits of health researchers to the Met Office. The HPRU's extensive stakeholder engagement and other knowledge mobilisation activities will ensure that research has maximum policy impact. The HPRU's dedicated public involvement and engagement group will inform research planning and dissemination of results.