COGNITIVE COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL PERCEPTION IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES

很明显，群居的非人类灵长类动物识别个体，并根据社会相关信息（如熟悉度、亲属关系、年龄、性别和物种）对这些个体进行分类。虽然实地和实验室研究已经澄清了猕猴的这些歧视行为的存在，实验室实验已经证明了一些线索有助于这种歧视能力，这种能力的认知基础仍然未知。对特定社会特征的记忆还没有得到很好的研究。此外，猴子组织记忆的能力以及记忆组织或记忆能力受刺激性质（社会，非社会，抽象）影响的程度仍然是悬而未决的问题。拟议的研究使用实验室，实验设计开发来研究人类和动物的认知，以解决记忆容量和记忆组织与抽象刺激，社会刺激和非社会自然刺激的问题。本研究的具体目的是（1）研究猕猴对社会类别的记忆能力，（2）研究猕猴记忆组织的性质，并确定当呈现社会刺激时这种组织是否发生变化，（3）研究猕猴对社会刺激的序列列表学习。猕猴在大脑结构、组织和行为方面为人类提供了一个很好的模型。猴子的下颞叶皮层中有细胞，这些细胞对面部刺激和这些刺激的特定属性做出特异性反应。在人类中，中风或事故对颞叶皮层的损伤可能导致视觉失认症，其形式是无法识别个体或无法识别或分类属于功能类别的非社会刺激。在某种程度上，我们可以开发猴子记忆组织的行为测量，我们可以开发脑损伤的实验模型，用猴子来理解中风和其他神经疾病受害者的视觉失认症和额外的认知缺陷。这里提出的非侵入性基础研究将导致对猕猴认知组织和记忆能力的具体理解，而不是用于开发人类认知和缺陷的动物模型

It is clear that group-living non-human primates recognize individuals, and classify those individuals according to socially-relevant information such as familiarity, kinship, age, sex, and species. Although field and laboratory studies have clarified the presence of these discriminative behaviors in macaque monkeys, and laboratory experiments have demonstrated some of the cues contributing to such discriminative capacities, the cognitive underpinnings of such capacities remains unknown. Memory for particular social characteristics has not been well studied. Furthermore, the monkey's ability to organized memory and the degree to which memory organization or capacity is affected by the nature of the stimulus (social, on-social, abstract) are still open questions. The proposed research use laboratory, experimental designs developed to study human and animal cognition to address questions of memory capacity and organization of memory with abstract stimuli, social stimuli, and non-social natural stimuli. The specific aims of the research are (1) to investigate memory capacities for social categories in macaque monkeys, (2) to investigate the nature of memory organization by macaque monkeys and to determine whether such organization changes when social stimuli are presented, and (3) to study serial list learning of social stimuli in macaque monkeys. The macaque monkey provides an excellent model for the human in terms of brain structure, organization, and behavior. The monkey has cells in the inferotemporal cortex which respond specifically to facial stimuli and to particular attributes of these stimuli. In humans, insult to the temporal cortex by stroke or accident can lead to visual agnosias in the form of failure to identify individuals or failure to be able to identify or classify non-social stimuli that fall into functional categories. To the extent that we can develop behavioral measures of the organization of monkey memory, we can develop experimental models of brain damage, with monkeys that can lead to understanding of visual agnosias and additional cognitive deficits in victims of stroke and other neurological disease. The basic research proposed here, which is non-invasive in nature, will lead to specific understanding of cognitive organization and memory capacities in macaque monkeys than can be used to develop animal models of cognition and deficits in humans