Rolling Grant

滚动补助金旨在支持特定领域内的研究计划。在这种情况下，该领域是空间科学，特别是以下领域：1。紧凑的对象（黑洞和中子星，寻求理解与非常紧凑的对象相关的物理学。这包括研究伽马射线爆发（遥远星系中的巨型超新星），孤立的中子星，包括那些具有巨大磁场的中子星，以及黑洞）; 2.星系的形成和演化（使用极其复杂的计算机建模技术来理解这些过程。看活动星系核的作用，星星形成的历史和反馈的作用）3。磁耦合和日球层（磁场结构在太阳上的出现，太阳爆发是如何触发的，太阳风的产生以及它如何影响地球）; 4.地球和其他一些行星被磁场包围和保护，这为带电粒子如何与复杂的磁场结构相互作用的基础研究提供了一个本地实验室。通过使用现场空间探测器，我们将研究这些过程，以更充分地了解这一重要的物理学。许多太阳系天体没有保护性磁场，因此我们也将研究这些相互作用，特别是具有大气层的行星和卫星（例如火星和土卫六）; 5.行星表面（行星的表面，特别是火星，为地球提供了有趣的和替代的地质和气象环境。我们计划利用目前轨道航天器提供的大量观测数据来详细研究这些地形）。6.将开发使能技术（微型、极低温冷却器、极光成像仪和等离子体分析仪）。将产生建造行星表面三维模型的新方法。将对装有仪表的穿甲弹以每小时700英里左右的速度在冰中的生存能力进行研究（并进行撞击试验）。

A Rolling Grant is designed to support a programme of research within a particular domain. The domain in this case is Space Science, in particular the fields of: 1. Compact Objects (Black Holes and Neutron Stars, seeking to understand the physics associated with the enormously compact objects. this includes studying Gamma-ray bursts (giant supernovae in distant galaxies), isolated neutron stars including those with gigantic magnetic fields, and black holes); 2. Galaxy Formation and Evolution (Understanding these processes using extremely sophisticated computer modelling techniques. Looking at the role of Active Galactic Nuclei, the history of star formation and the role of feedback) 3. Magnetic Coupling and the Heliosphere (The emergence of magnetic field structures on the Sun, how solar eruptions are triggered, the creation of the Solar Wind and how it affects the Earth); 4. Plasma Physics of the Terrestrial and Planetary Environments (The Earth and some other planets are surrounded and protected by magnetic fields which provide a local laboratory for fundamental research into how charged particles interact with complex magnetic field structures. Through the use of in-situ space probes we will study these processes to gain a fuller understanding of this important physics. Many solar system bodies do not have a protective magnetic field and so we will also study the these interactions, especially planets and moons with an atmospheres (e.g. Mars and Titan)); 5. Planetary Surfaces (The surfaces of planets, particularly Mars, provide interesting and alternative geological and meteorological settings to the Earth. We plan to use the plethora of observational data available from currently orbiting spacecraft to study in great detail these terrains). 6. Enabling technologies (Miniature, very low temperature coolers, auroral imagers and plasma analysers will be developed. New methods of constructing 3-dimensional models of planetary surfaces will be produced. A study will be made (with impact trials) of the survivability of an instrumented penetrator into ice at around 700 miles per hour).