Stars, dust and gas: the life cycle of galaxies

物质的生命周期描述了星系的演化。星际介质中的云坍塌导致了星星的形成。这就把星系中的大部分气体储存器锁在了恒星中。在它们生命的尽头，恒星会将它们的大部分气体喷射回太空，要么作为超新星，要么通过极端的风-我们的太阳会做后者。喷出物包含核燃烧的产物，并使气体中富含碳和氧等元素。它们还产生固体颗粒，称为灰尘。喷出物成为下一代星星形成的一部分，改变了这些恒星的外观和演化。这种物质循环被称为星系生态学。尘埃也成为纳入物质的循环和星星的形成，启动行星的形成。在我们的太阳系中，已经发现了一些可以追溯到太阳系形成时期的尘埃颗粒。它们的成分可以作为指纹来识别形成它们的垂死星星的类型。我们研究物质的生命周期：恒星的形成，它们的死亡，以及行星系统的形成，利用望远镜，如e-Merlin，阿尔马，VLT和JCMT。我们将确认哪些恒星的死亡导致了我们太阳系的诞生。

The life cycle of matter describes the evolution of a galaxy. Collapsing clouds in the interstellar medium leads to star formation. This locks much of the gas reservoir of the galaxy away, in stars. At the end of their life, stars eject much of their gas back into space, either as a supernova, or through an extreme wind - our Sun will do the latter. The ejecta contain the products of nuclear burning and enrich the gas with elements such as carbon and oxygen. They also produce solid particles, called dust. The ejecta become part of the next generation of star formation, changing the appearance and evolution of these stars. This cycle of matter has been called the ecology of a galaxy. The dust also becomes incorporated in the cycle of matter and in the star formation, initiate the formation of planets. In our solar system, some dust grains have been found which date from the formation of the solar system. Their composition can be used as a fingerprint to identify the type of dying star from which they formed. We study this life cycle of matter: the formation of stars, their death, and the formation of planetary systems, making use of telescopes such as e-Merlin, ALMA, the VLT and the JCMT. We will idenitfy the type of stars from whose death gave rise to our solar system.