COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PRIMATE SPATIAL COGNITION AND MEMORY

灵长类动物空间认知与记忆的比较研究。这项研究的第一个目的是确定黑猩猩回忆和传达的关于户外环境中物体的性质、位置和时间可用性的一些信息。这项研究将获得与动物的旅行路径无关的回忆方法。将对四只黑猩猩进行测试。这些动物特别适合研究回忆记忆。他们已经学会了指食物和其他物体的任意视觉符号（词汇表），有些人可以在他们最初遇到这些物体的背景之外使用词汇表。以下方法将用于评估召回。一只动物看到实验者把一个物体放在室外。之后，在它的室内笼子里，动物可以向不知情的人指示室外位置的类型和位置。后来，在它的室内笼子里。这种动物可以向不知情的人表明物体的类型和位置。试验的提示和反应阶段之间的延迟最长可达4周。在人类的思考、计划和交流中，回忆环境中不存在的感官特征的能力是很重要的，但到目前为止，几乎没有关于非语言动物回忆记忆能力的数据。这项研究的第二个目的是研究卷尾猴、猕猴和黑猩猩在电脑显示的觅食、障碍和迷宫任务中的动作。动物可以在室外围栏中解决的任务将被建模，以数字格式呈现给该动物。动物将移动操纵杆，使光标击中计算机显示器上的目标。在一项研究中，障碍物和/或目标一旦动物开始移动就会消失。问题是动物成员对目标、地标和障碍物的位置有多详细，以及它的路线有多有效。每只动物的路线将在跳跃的基础上进行比较，以获得最优路线。在进一步的研究中，障碍和目标将在试验期间保持可见。为了评估提前计划，需要分析眼球运动。在对迷宫没有经验的卷尾猴、猕猴和黑猩猩的新迷宫初始解决方案的规划将被研究。将根据Bidell & Fischer的规划技能发展理论，对一系列迷宫的规划发展进行研究。

Comparative studies of primate spatial cognition and memory. The first aim of this research is to determine some of the information that chimpanzees recall and convey about the nature, location and temporal availability of objects in outdoor environments. The research will obtain measures of recall that are independent of an animal's path of travel. Four chimpanzees will be tested. The animals are uniquely well-suited for studies of recall memory. They have learned arbitrary visual symbols (lexigrams) that refer to foods and other objects, and some can use the lexigrams outside the context in which they originally encountered the objects. The following method will be used to assess recall. An animal sees an experimenter place an object in an outdoor location. Later, in its indoor cage, the animal can indicate to uninformed person the type and location of outdoor location. Later, in its indoor cage. the animal an indicate to an uninformed person the type and location of the object. Delays between the cue-diving and response phases of the trial will range up to 4 weeks. The ability to recall information about features of the environment not present to the senses is important in human thinking, planning and communication, but to date there are almost no data on recall memory capabilities in non-verbal animals. The second aim of this research is to study the movements of capuchins, macaques and chimpanzees in computer-presented foraging, barrier and maze tasks. Tasks that an animal can solve in an outdoor enclosure will be modeled for presentation to that animal in a digital format. Animals will move a joystick to make a cursor hit a target on a computer monitor. In one study, barriers and/or targets will disappear as soon as the animal beings to move. Questions are how much detail the animal members about the positions of targets, landmarks, and barriers, and how efficient its route is. Each animal's route will be compared on a jump by jump basis to an optima routing. In a further study, barriers and targets will remain visible during trials. To assess planning ahead, eye movement swill be analyzed. Planning during initial solutions of novel mazes by maze-naive capuchins, macaques, and chimpanzees will be studies. The development of planning over a series of mazes will be examined, in accord with Bidell & Fischer's theory of the development of planning skills.