INFORMED DECISION MAKING IN PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING

描述：（申请人的描述）筛选的效用 无症状男性前列腺癌是有争议的，因为它还没有 前列腺癌的早期诊断和治疗 降低死亡率。 因此，NCI建议前列腺 癌症筛查之前应进行患者教育， 知情同意。 这项研究计划的目标是开发和测试 无偏见的患者教育方法，并帮助患者实现 他们自己的偏好，直到PLCO癌症的最终数据 筛选试验可用。 重要的是，该项目的目标是 既不促进也不减少前列腺癌筛查。 拟议 泰勒博士将进行一项患病率研究，以评估 了解前列腺的局限性和益处 癌症筛查在一个随机的社区样本的200名男子。 接下来，在 干预研究，她将评估两种形式的有效性， 基于视频的患者教育，有效性定义为 知识获取和患者满意度，在男性中， 登记进行前列腺癌筛查（N = 50）。 受试者将 随机分配到三个条件之一：（1）没有教育 干预（标准知情同意），（2）基于视频的患者教育 旨在增加知识（仅教育）;或（3）基于视频的患者 旨在增加知识和挑战认知偏见的教育 这可能会阻碍知识的获取（教育+）。 泰勒医生会评估 认知偏差是否阻碍了对核心信息的理解 做出明智的决定，以及是否进行干预以减少这些 偏见导致知识和满意度的增加。 这样做的目的 研究是为了促进对前列腺癌的知情决策 筛选，同时保持中立的争议， 前列腺癌筛查 泰勒医生的训练计划 建议将补充她的研究计划，通过加强泰勒博士的 背景流行病学和生物统计学，生物伦理学，组织病理学， 预防肿瘤学 随着这些领域的快速发展， 越来越重要的是，在这些学科的培训，以满足 她的职业目标是成为一个独立的癌症预防和控制 研究员 这一奖项将使她获得培训， 经验，以补充她的背景，作为一个临床 心理学家，并制定一个更强大的研究计划，通过 与来自广泛学科的研究人员合作。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Description) The utility of screening asymptomatic men for prostate cancer is controversial, as it has not yet been demonstrated that early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer in fact reduces mortality. Consequently, the NCI has recommended that prostate cancer screening should be preceded by patient education and by a process of informed consent. The goal of this research program is to develop and test methods of unbiased patient education, and to assist patients in realizing their own preferences until the definitive data from the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial are available. Importantly, the goal of the project is neither to promote nor to reduce prostate cancer screening. In the proposed research, Dr. Taylor will conduct a prevalence study to assess the level of knowledge and understanding of the limitations and benefits of prostate cancer screening in a random community sample of 200 men. Next, in an intervention study, she will evaluate the effectiveness of two forms of video-based patient education, with effectiveness defined in terms of knowledge acquisition and patient satisfaction, among men who have registered for prostate cancer screening (N = 50). Subjects will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) no educational intervention (Standard Informed Consent), (2) video-based patient education designed to increase knowledge (Education Only); or (3) video-based patient education designed to increase knowledge and to challenge cognitive biases that may hinder knowledge acquisition (Education+). Dr. Taylor will assess whether cognitive biases hinder comprehension of information that is central to making an informed decision, and whether intervening to reduce these biases results in increased knowledge and satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to facilitate informed decision making about prostate cancer screening while remaining neutral with regard to the controversy surrounding prostate cancer screening. The training program that Dr. Taylor has proposed will complement her research program, by strengthening Dr. Taylor's background in epidemiology and biostatistics, bioethics, histopathology, and preventive oncology. With the rapid advances in these fields, it is increasingly important to have training in these disciplines in order meet her career goal of becoming an independent cancer prevention and control researcher. This award will allow her to obtain the training and experiences necessary to complement her background as a clinical psychologist, and to develop a stronger research program through collaborations with researchers from a wide array of disciplines.