THE COMMUNITY ADAPTATION OF MILDLY RETARDED PERSONS

轻度智障人士的社区适应。加州大学洛杉矶分校智力低下研究中心的社会行为小组有28年的研究历史，研究文化和种族对患有精神发育迟缓/发育迟缓的个人、处于危险中的儿童和青年及其家庭的适应的影响。我们的延续项目共同侧重于高危人群中的青少年和青年过渡。种族多样性正在迅速增加，青少年和青年的过渡时期既是机会也是风险的关键时期。每项研究都结合了诡辩的定量和纵向分析，以及定性和人种学的理解。加里莫尔和他的同事们继续研究在教育风险较高的拉美裔移民青年中导致学校成功的途径。其中包括一个新的部分，重点放在纵向样本中的那些儿童，他们在学校表现很差(在使他们有资格接受特殊教育的水平上)，并且有很大的辍学风险。然而，在很大程度上，这些孩子从未接受过学校或其他服务。Keogh，Weisner和Bernheimer建议对患有MR/DD的青少年和年轻人及其家人进行全面评估，这些人已经被跟踪了12到17年。我们研究了青少年和年轻人本身的声音和观点，以及对这一关键转变中的家庭关切的研究。在家庭和儿童史中，什么最好地解释了当前家庭适应青少年和青年的转变。Kernan、Tucker和Subramanian专注于关键的年轻人到成年人的转变，比较了洛杉矶三个非洲裔群体(非裔美国人、克里奥尔人和伯利兹加里富纳人)中处于危险和成功的年轻人。我们增加了David Takeuchi教授的一项重要的新研究，该研究涉及福利改革对患有MR/DD、LD和相关精神疾病的儿童家庭的影响。从福利到工作的改革将对需要照顾这些儿童的家庭以及儿童本身产生什么影响？政策和干预优先事项目前侧重于其中许多问题。过渡服务的定义需要非常宽泛。我们继续讨论如何以最佳方式提供此类服务，以增进患有精神发育迟缓/发育迟缓儿童、在校期间有危险的儿童和青少年向工作过渡期间及其家庭的福祉的关键问题。

The Community Adaptation of Mildly Retarded Persons. The Socio- behavioral Group of the Mental Retardation Research Center at UCLA has a 28 year history of research on the influence of culture and ethnicity on the adaptation of individuals with MR/DD, children and youth at risk, and their families. Our continuation projects have a common focus on adolescent and youth transitions in at-risk populations. Ethnic diversity is increasing rapidly, and teen and youth transitions are critical periods of both opportunity and risk. Each study combines sophistical quantitative and longitudinal analyses, with qualitative and ethnographic understanding. Gallimore and colleagues continue their research on pathways that lead to school success among educationally at-risk Latino immigrant youth. They include a new component focused on those children in their longitudinal sample who are doing very poorly in school (at levels making them eligible for Special Education), and who are at significant risk for dropping out. Yet for the most part, these children have never received school or other services. Keogh, Weisner and Bernheimer proposed a comprehensive assessment of adolescents and young adults with MR/DD and their families who have been followed for 12 to 17 years. We study the voices and perspectives of the teens and young adults themselves, along with a study of family concerns at this critical transition. What in the family and child history best accounts for current family adaptation on teen and youth transitions. Kernan, Tucker, and Subramanian focus on key youth to adult transitions comparing at- risk and successful youth in three African-descended groups in Los Angeles (African-American, Creoles, and Belizean Garifuna). We have added an important new study by Prof. David Takeuchi on the impact on welfare reform on families with children with MR/DD, LD, and related mental illness. What will be the impact of welfare-to-work reforms on families faced with the need to care for these children, and on the children themselves? Policy and intervention priorities are currently focused on many of these issues. Transition services need to be very broadly defined. Our continuation addresses critical questions regarding how such services should best be provided to enhance the well-being of children with MR/DD, those at risk during school and youth to work transitions, and their families.