Capital Equipment in support of Sheffield Particle Physics - ATLAS, ATLAS upgrade, T2K, FNE, MICE, EDELWEISS/EURECA, DMGS, SNO+, R&D, K

我们生活在一个粒子物理学发现的特殊时代，有可能在理解宇宙的组成和结构方面产生阶段性的变化。我们计划的研究，在这里要求的设备的支持下，是这些发现的核心。英国和国际粒子物理界的一个关键目标是升级大型强子对撞机、ATLAS和CMS实验，以便能够收集比最初预计多十倍的数据。这将使ATLAS能够以前所未有的精度测量2012年7月宣布的新玻色子的性质，确定它是否真的是希格斯玻色子，如果是的话，它是否具有粒子物理标准模型预测的性质。额外的数据还将极大地提高ATLAS对超对称等标准模型以外的新物理的敏感性。为了实现这一目标，需要更换ATLAS中央跟踪探测器，以使其能够在升级后的大型强子对撞机预期的更恶劣的辐射条件下工作。这项提议通过寻找设备来支持开发新的跟踪探测器所需的冷却系统和测试跟踪器的电子模块，从而有助于实现这一目标。最近的第二个重大进展是2011年的T2K实验，它报告了第三个中微子混合角不为零的证据。这解开了所谓电荷宇称(CP)破坏实验的进展，以回答为什么宇宙实际上不包含反物质的谜团。我们的中微子小组将专注于贡献分析，以确认结果，但也将利用LBNE的成员资格，向下一代长基线中微子实验进展关键的新探测器技术，以观察CP破坏。我们的重点将是液态Ar技术和我们在电致发光读数方面的开创性工作，这也是我们正在进行的实验工作的关键，以了解质子是否衰变，这是理解大统一物理理论的核心。在这里，对新的液态Ar探测器和气体分析设施的设备需求是关键，特别是开放参与费米实验室35吨的原型实验。密切相关的是我们还继续参与旨在了解太阳中微子的SNO+，以及MICE实验。利用MICE进行的Muon冷却研究对于未来中微子工厂和Muon对撞机等未来加速器项目的设计和建设至关重要。这些努力将由所要求的快速数字示波器来促进。最近，技术的发展使探测器对WIMP暗物质的灵敏度有了很大的提高，据认为，WIMP暗物质占银河系的90%。利用我们在背景缓解、方向敏感性和分析方面的开创性工作，我们未来的工作将集中在LZ和漂移天鹅座实验上。后者的目标是为最近声称的低质量WIMP事件确定一个明确的银河系特征，并将在英国的博尔比地下站点DRIVE-IIe上安装一个新的实验。低背景研发和氡问题已经成为这种罕见事件物理学的核心，包括寻找罕见的双贝塔衰变。拟议中的氡吸附测试设施非常适合这里，也对环境科学界和英国地下博尔比遗址的开发感兴趣。所有设备还支持我们的通用研发，这与积极的知识交流计划密切相关。重点活动将包括开发与医疗应用相关的液态Ar粒子跟踪、与国土安全相关的气基定向中子探测器以及使用Muon探测器来监测二氧化碳地下储存，所有这些都是我们在气候变化和预防犯罪方面社会议程工作的一部分。最后，请求的计算套件跨所有研究小组，以允许多个服务在同一主机上运行，并为小组的计算提供未来保障。

We are living in an exceptional age for discoveries in particle physics with potential for producing step changes in understanding of the composition and structure of the Universe. The research we plan, supported by the equipment requested here, is at the core of these discoveries. A key objective of the UK and international particle physics communities is to upgrade the Large Hadron Collider, ATLAS and CMS experiments, to enable collection of ten times more data than was originally foreseen. This will allow ATLAS to measure properties of the new boson announced in July 2012 to unprecedented precision, to establish firmly whether it is indeed the Higgs boson, and if so whether it has the properties predicted by the Standard Model of Particle Physics. The extra data will also greatly increase the sensitivity of ATLAS to new physics beyond the Standard Model such as Supersymmetry. In order to realize this goal the ATLAS central tracking detector will need to be replaced to enable operation in the harsher radiation conditions expected at the upgraded LHC. This proposal contributes to that goal by seeking equipment to support development of the cooling system required by the new tracking detector and for testing the electronic modules of the tracker. A second recent major advance, by the T2K experiment in 2011, reports evidence for a non-zero third neutrino mixing angle. This unlocks progress to experiments in so-called charge-parity (CP) violation to answer the mystery of why the Universe contains virtually no anti-matter. Our neutrino group will focus on contributing analysis to confirm the results but also, using membership of LBNE, progress key new detector technology towards a next generation long baseline neutrino experiment to see CP violation. Our focus will be with liquid argon technology and our pioneering work on electroluminescence light readout, key also to our on-going work towards an experiment to see if the proton decays, core to understanding Grand Unified Theories of physics. The equipment request for a new liquid argon detector and gas analysis facility is key here, in particular to open participation in a 35 ton prototype experiment at Fermilab. Closely related is our continued participation also in SNO+, aimed at understanding solar neutrinos, and the MICE experiment. The study of muon cooling with MICE is vital for the design and construction of future accelerator projects such as a Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider. These efforts will be facilitated by the requested fast digital oscilloscope. Technological developments have recently led to major improvements in sensitivity of detectors to WIMP dark matter, thought to comprise 90% of the galaxy. Exploiting our pioneering work in background mitigation, directional sensitivity and analysis, our future work will concentrate on the LZ and DRIFT-CYGNUS experiments. The latter aims to determine a definitive galactic signature for recently claimed low mass WIMP events and will see a new experiment installed at the UK's Boulby underground site, DRIFT-IIe. Low background R&D and radon issues have become core to such rare event physics, including searches for rare double beta decay. The proposed Rn adsorption test facility fits well here and is also of interest to the environmental science community and development of the UK's underground Boulby site. All the equipment also supports our generic R&D, closely related to a vigorous knowledge exchange programme. Highlight activity will include development of particle tracking in liquid argon relevant to medical applications, gas-based directional neutron detectors with relevance for homeland security and use of muon detectors to monitor CO2 underground storage, all part of our work on social agendas in climate change and crime prevention. Finally, the requested computational suite crosses all research groups to allow multiple services to run on the same host machine and future-proof the group's computing.