ALCOHOL PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

说明(改编自调查员摘要)：的主要目标 拟议的项目是测试年龄较大的青少年的发展模式。 酒精使用和滥用扩展了当前的心理社会互动模式 使用率。该模式包含了青少年个性化，这是 发展，在个人、家庭和同伴因素的背景下， 感受到的压力和外化行为以进一步理解酒精 在青春期后期和酗酒者使用。建议的模型 假设影响个性化的变量之间的因果序列 并随后直接和间接地使用。模型将是 与三个种族进行了探讨，非洲裔美国人，墨西哥裔美国人和 非西班牙裔白人青少年，期望种族差异 在个性化和家庭动态化方面将发挥独特的作用 在物质使用上的个性化。对3500名青少年的抽样调查，从 对于9年级的学生，将在4年内接受7次关于物质的调查 使用和这些心理社会因素。此外，对学校的评估 成绩和行为将从学校收集。拟议中的项目 将考察五个具体目标。首先，调查人员提议 在家庭因素的背景下考察个人化，例如冲突， 凝聚力、沟通和育儿；个人因素，如 冲动和感情用事；压力；外化行为 对酒精的使用和滥用有影响。第二，他们将审查 同伴关系对个体饮酒的影响， 家庭、压力和发展因素。第三，他们将调查 个性化对家庭关系的调节作用 因素、个人因素、压力、同伴因素和饮酒。 第四，他们提出，随着时间的推移，存在着互惠和双向的 个人家庭、同伴、压力、外化行为和 个性化因素对随后饮酒的影响，然后饮酒影响 这些心理社会因素。第五，预计 发展、个人、家庭和同龄人的因素将根据不同而有所不同 青少年的种族和性别。多变量纵向方法 包括结构方程建模和分层线性建模将 被用来检验这些目标。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from investigator's abstract): The main objective of the proposed project is to test a developmental model of older adolescent alcohol use and abuse that extends current psychosocial interaction models of usage. The model incorporates adolescent individuation, a key aspect of development, in the context of individual, family, and peer factors, perceived stress, and externalizing behaviors to further understand alcohol use during later adolescence and with heavy drinkers. The proposed model hypothesizes causal sequences between variables that effect individuation and subsequently usage, both directly and indirectly. The model will be explored with three ethnic groups, African American, Mexican American and non-Hispanic White adolescents, with the expectation that ethnic differences in individuation and family dynamics will have a unique bearing on the role of individuation in substance use. A sample of 3500 adolescents, starting with 9th graders, will be surveyed 7 times over 4 years concerning substance use and these psychosocial factors. In addition, assessment of school grades and behavior will be collected from schools. The proposed project will examine five specific aims. First, the investigators propose to examine individuation in the context of family factors, such as conflict, cohesion, communication and parenting; individual factors, such as impulsivity and affectivity; stress; and externalizing behaviors that are influential for alcohol use and abuse. Second, they will examine the influence of peer relations on alcohol use in the context of individual, family, stress, and developmental factors. Third, they will investigate the moderating role of individuation on the relationships between family factors, individual factors, stress, and peer factors and alcohol use. Fourth, they propose that over time there are reciprocal and bi-directional effects of individual family, peer, stress, externalizing behaviors, and individuation factors on subsequent drinking, and that drinking then impacts these psychosocial factors. Fifth, it is expected that the influence of developmental, individual, family, and peer factors will vary based on ethnicity and gender of the adolescents. Multivariate longitudinal methods including structural equation modeling and hierarchical linear modeling will be used to examine these aims.