Characterising the Higgs boson to search for new physics

由ATLAS和CMS探测器发现的希格斯玻色子是CERN大型强子对撞机（LHC）首次运行的最大成功，代表了粒子物理学标准模型（SM）实验验证的巨大进步。在质子-质子碰撞中，希格斯玻色子产生，随后通过许多不同的过程衰变。SM是我们对粒子基本相互作用的最佳描述，它准确地预测了这些过程发生的速率，尽管SM取得了显著的成功，但我们知道它是一幅不完整的图景。例如，它没有解释暗物质的存在。大型强子对撞机提供了独特的机会来研究希格斯粒子的产生和衰变，并让我们看到自然界与理论预测的一致性。任何与预测的偏差都将是新物理学存在的明确迹象，并为物理学家下一步应该关注的方向提供线索。此外，如果暗物质与希格斯玻色子相互作用，希格斯玻色子到暗物质粒子的额外衰变将在LHC上产生可检测的签名，从而提供SM和暗物质之间的联系。拟议的这项研究方案是通过一系列精密耦合和性质测量，探索希格斯玻色子的潜在新物理学，以全面表征希格斯玻色子。这些测量是大型强子对撞机、欧洲核子研究中心和欧洲粒子物理学战略的主要重点。测量结果可以解释在一些理论模型提出扩展SM。这项研究的目的是将精确的希格斯测量与SM之外的物理学联系起来，以便完全验证希格斯玻色子，这将是未来寻找新物理学实验设计的关键考虑因素。

The discovery of the Higgs boson by the ATLAS and CMS detectors was the greatest success of the first run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and represented a huge step forward in the experimental verification of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. In proton-proton collisions, the Higgs boson is produced and subsequently decays via a number of different processes. The SM, our best description of the fundamental interaction of particles, accurately predicts the rate at which each of these processes occurs.Despite the remarkable success of the SM, we know it to be an incomplete picture. For example, it provides no explanation for the existence of dark matter. The LHC uniquely offers the opportunity to study Higgs production and decay and allow us to see how well nature agrees with the theoretical predictions. Any deviation from the predictions will be a clear sign of the existence of new physics and provide hints as to where physicists should be looking next. Moreover, if dark matter interacts with the Higgs boson, additional decays of the Higgs boson to dark matter particles will produce detectable signatures at the LHC, providing a link between the SM and dark matter. This research programme proposed is to probe potential new physics with the Higgs boson through a series of precision couplings and properties measurements building towards a full characterisation of the Higgs boson. These measurements are a major focus of the LHC, CERN and in general of the European strategy for particle physics. The measurements can be interpreted in a number of theoretical models proposed to extend the SM. The aim of this research is to connect precision Higgs measurements with physics beyond the SM in order to fully characterise the Higgs boson which will be a key consideration in the design of future experiments in the search for new physics.