IMPACT OF NEGATIVE SOCIAL ENCHANGES IN LATER LIFE

描述：近年来积累的证据表明 老年人与其社会成员的负面社会交流 社交网络对幸福感的影响可能大于正面影响 与网络成员进行交流。尽管有越来越多的证据表明 相对地，负面的交流会大大降低幸福感。 对影响老年人生活质量的因素知之甚少 易受此类交流的影响。拟议的研究项目寻求 通过研究两个相辅相成的问题来解决这一知识差距 脆弱性的维度：暴露和反应性。具体目标 是：(1)比较积极与消极的患病率和影响 社交交流，使用旨在产生 这两类指标的综合和最大可比性 交流；(2)调查社交网络的作用 特点， 应激性生活事件和个体差异是年龄增长的预测因素 成年人接触负面社会交往的情况；(3)调查 社会网络特征的作用，以及个体差异 预测老年人对负面社会交流的反应。 为了实现这些目标，调查人员将进行纵向调查 对875名非住院患者的代表性样本的研究， 认知功能正常的老年人。研究参与者将是 每六个月面谈一次，面谈时间为 在6、12、18、6、12、18、6、12、18、 24个月和30个月。采访将获得有关以下方面的详细信息 参与者的人口统计特征，积极和消极的 社会交往、紧张的生活事件和情绪健康。这 多波研究设计将使我们能够研究 老年人之前的积极和消极的社交网络交易 以及在紧张性生活事件发生之后。

DESCRIPTION: Evidence has accumulated in recent years indicating that older adults' negative social exchanges with members of their social networks may be more consequential for well-being than positive exchanges with network members. Despite the mounting evidence that such negative exchanges detract substantially from well-being, relatively little is known about the factors that influence older adults' vulnerability to such exchanges. The proposed research project seeks to address this gap in knowledge by examining two complementary dimensions of vulnerability: exposure and reactivity. The specific aims are: (1) To compare the prevalence and impact of positive vs. negative social exchanges, using an assessment strategy designed to produce comprehensive and maximally comparable measures of these two kinds of exchanges; (2) To investigate the role of social network characteristics, stressful life events, and individual differences as predictors of older adults' exposure to negative social exchanges; (3) To investigate the role of social network characteristics, and individual differences as predictors of older adults' reactivity to negative social exchanges. To achieve these aims, the investigators will conduct a longitudinal study of a representative sample of 875 noninstitutionalized, cognitively functional older adults. Study participants will be interviewed every six months, with interviews conducted in person at baseline and subsequent interviews conducted by telephone at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months. The interviews will obtain detailed information about the participants' demographic characteristics, positive and negative social exchanges, stressful life events, and emotional health. This multi-wave study design will allow us to investigate the dynamics of older adults' positive and negative social network transactions before and after the occurrence of stressful life events.