COGNITIVE COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL PERCEPTION IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES

很明显，群居的非人类灵长类动物能够识别个体，并根据熟悉度、亲属关系、年龄、性别和物种等社会相关信息对个体进行分类。尽管实地和实验室研究已经阐明了猕猴中这些区别行为的存在，并且实验室实验已经证明了一些有助于这种区别能力的线索，但这种能力的认知基础仍然未知。对特定社会特征的记忆还没有得到很好的研究。此外，猴子组织记忆的能力以及记忆组织或能力在多大程度上受到刺激性质（社会性、非社会性、抽象性）的影响，仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。本研究使用实验室、实验设计来研究人类和动物的认知，以解决记忆容量和抽象刺激、社会刺激和非社会自然刺激的记忆组织问题。本研究的具体目的是：(1)研究猕猴对社会类别的记忆能力；(2)研究猕猴记忆组织的性质，并确定这种组织在出现社会刺激时是否发生变化；(3)研究猕猴对社会刺激的序列列表学习。猕猴在大脑结构、组织和行为方面为人类提供了一个极好的模型。猴子的颞下皮层中有专门对面部刺激和这些刺激的特定属性做出反应的细胞。在人类中，中风或意外事故对颞叶皮层的损害可能导致视觉失认症，其表现形式是无法识别个体或无法识别或分类属于功能类别的非社会刺激。在某种程度上，我们可以开发猴子记忆组织的行为测量方法，我们可以开发脑损伤的实验模型，用猴子可以帮助理解视觉失认症和中风和其他神经系统疾病受害者的额外认知缺陷。这里提出的基础研究是非侵入性的，将导致对猕猴认知组织和记忆能力的具体理解，而不是用于开发人类认知和缺陷的动物模型

It is clear that group-living non-human primates recognize individuals, and classify those individuals according to socially-relevant information such as familiarity, kinship, age, sex, and species. Although field and laboratory studies have clarified the presence of these discriminative behaviors in macaque monkeys, and laboratory experiments have demonstrated some of the cues contributing to such discriminative capacities, the cognitive underpinnings of such capacities remains unknown. Memory for particular social characteristics has not been well studied. Furthermore, the monkey's ability to organized memory and the degree to which memory organization or capacity is affected by the nature of the stimulus (social, on-social, abstract) are still open questions. The proposed research use laboratory, experimental designs developed to study human and animal cognition to address questions of memory capacity and organization of memory with abstract stimuli, social stimuli, and non-social natural stimuli. The specific aims of the research are (1) to investigate memory capacities for social categories in macaque monkeys, (2) to investigate the nature of memory organization by macaque monkeys and to determine whether such organization changes when social stimuli are presented, and (3) to study serial list learning of social stimuli in macaque monkeys. The macaque monkey provides an excellent model for the human in terms of brain structure, organization, and behavior. The monkey has cells in the inferotemporal cortex which respond specifically to facial stimuli and to particular attributes of these stimuli. In humans, insult to the temporal cortex by stroke or accident can lead to visual agnosias in the form of failure to identify individuals or failure to be able to identify or classify non-social stimuli that fall into functional categories. To the extent that we can develop behavioral measures of the organization of monkey memory, we can develop experimental models of brain damage, with monkeys that can lead to understanding of visual agnosias and additional cognitive deficits in victims of stroke and other neurological disease. The basic research proposed here, which is non-invasive in nature, will lead to specific understanding of cognitive organization and memory capacities in macaque monkeys than can be used to develop animal models of cognition and deficits in humans