Astronomy Research at Queen Mary 2020 - 2023

我们建议进行以下研究项目：1）我们将开发和扩展非线性数值代码，模拟宇宙从膨胀到重组的演化。使用这些代码，我们将计算早期宇宙的精确可观测特征，包括双谱，磁场和引力波。我们将利用这些可观测的特征来对抗暴胀和再加热模型与即将到来的观测调查数据。2）我们探索星系团观测中的GR特征，发展最佳的统计方法来从标准贡献中提取它们;提供模拟数据和分析软件，以便在即将进行的宇宙学调查中测量和利用这些独特的引力窗口。我们开发的数学和数值工具，需要了解引力物理学在温和的非线性和强烈的非线性制度。这项工作将应用和扩展我们已经为这些制度创建的暗能量和修正引力的微扰理论和参数化，并使我们能够创建必要的工具，利用即将到来的数据来利用它们。4）我们扩展了我们最先进的模拟，并为跨部门开发了完整的数据分析管道。HI强度测绘巡天与分光光度光学星系巡天的相关性。这将使开创性的HI和宇宙学测量，结合目前可用的和即将到来的数据;提供一个开源的分析工具包HI强度映射和光学星系数据集。5）我们开发和应用统计分析方法，以解决几个重要的挑战，在21厘米数据集的分析，例如，由于前景泄漏和协方差相关的信号损失。我们将开发快速但高度准确的模拟来验证这些方法，然后将其应用于HERA的数据，HERA是SKA的关键先驱。我们将传播我们的工具和专业知识，为SKA1.6）英国社区做好准备。我们使用等离子体尾场加速作为一个统一的概念来研究新的粒子加速概念和超高能宇宙射线的起源。我们将进行突破性的分析计算和尖端的等离子体流体和动力学数值模拟，以解决与CERN和黑洞中的粒子加速有关的迷人的，未回答的科学问题。我们已经选择了一个样本> 5000良好的候选人宽低污染的二进制文件。我们建议后续的一个子集，这些与光谱和公共成像产生一个“干净”的样本，并使用它来获得有用的新的约束修改重力模型。8)我们使用HPC模拟来模拟围绕年轻恒星运行的气体和尘埃盘，这些恒星被认为是行星形成的场所。我们研究在这些圆盘中形成的行星如何与它们相互作用，导致轨道迁移，间隙形成和物质吸积。太阳系外行星被观察到有一个广泛的质量和轨道结构，我们研究的作用盘行星相互作用，在确定这些属性。9）我们开发了新的，规范的流体动力学数值方案，suitablefor inspiral模拟和引力波探测的中子双星系统。我们获得了具有更高曲率修正的一般类修正引力理论的公式，这些公式可用于黑洞双星的inspiral模拟。10）我们开发了一种理论和计算基础设施，以模拟极端质量比inspirals的引力波信号，将新的数值方法与辐射计中的时域引力自作用力计算相结合，以允许计算任何类型的轨道，包括高度偏心或不受约束的，第一次自洽。

We propose to undertake the following research projects.1) We will develop and extend non-linear numerical codes which model the evolution of the universe from inflation to recombination. Using these codes we will calculate precision observable signatures of the early universe including the bispectrum, magnetic fields and gravitational waves. We will use these observable signatures to confront models of inflation and reheating with forthcoming observational survey data.2) We explore signatures of GR in galaxy clustering observables; develop optimal statistical methods to extract them from standard contributions; provide simulation data and analysis software to measure and exploit these unique windows on gravity with forthcoming cosmological surveys.3) We develop the mathematical and numerical tools required to understand gravitational physics in both the mildly non-linear and strongly non-linear regimes. This work will apply and extend the perturbation theories and parameterizations of dark energy and modified gravity that we have already created for these regimes, and allow us to create the tools that are necessary to exploit them using upcoming data.4) We extend our state of the art simulations and develop complete data analysis pipelines for the cross-correlation of HI intensity mapping surveys with spectroscopic and photometric optical galaxy surveys. This will enable pioneering HI and cosmological measurements, combining currently available and forthcoming data; provide an open source analysis toolkit for HI intensity mapping and optical galaxy data-sets.5) We develop and apply statistical analysis methods to solve several important challenges in the analysis of 21cm datasets, e.g. due to foreground leakage and covariance-related signal loss. We will develop fast but highly-accurate simulations to characterise the methods, and then apply them to data from HERA, a key SKA precursor. We will disseminate our tools and expertise to prime the UK community for SKA1.6) We use plasma wake-field acceleration as a unifying concept to study novel particle acceleration concepts and the origin of ultra high energy cosmic rays . We will perform ground-breaking analytical calculations and cutting-edge plasma fluid and kinetic numerical simulations to address the fascinating, unanswered science questions related to particle acceleration in CERN and black holes.7) GAIA DR2 can measure pairwise velocity differences for wide binary stars to excellent precision ~ 0.05 km/s. We have selected a sample of > 5000 good candidate wide binaries with low contamination. We propose to follow-up a subset of these with spectroscopy and public imaging to produce a `cleaned' sample, and use this to derive useful new constraints on modified-gravity models. 8) We use HPC simulations to model the gas and dust discs that orbit young stars, which are believed to be the sites of planet formation. We study how the planets that form in these discs interact with them, leading to orbital migration, gap formation and accretion of material. Extrasolar planets are observed to have a broad range of masses and orbital architectures, and we examine the role of disc-planet interactions in determining these properties.9) We develop novel, canonical hydrodynamic numerical schemes, suitablefor inspiral simulations and gravitational-wave detection of neutron binary systems. We obtain formulations of a general class of modified theories of gravity with higher curvature corrections which can be used for inspiral simulations of black hole binaries.10) We develop a theoretical and computational infrastructure to model gravitational wave signals from extreme mass-ratio inspirals, combining novel numerical methods with time-domain gravitational self-force computation in a radiation gauge to allow calculations for any type of orbit, including highly eccentric or unbound ones, self-consistently for the first time.