HL-LHC-UK phase 2

大型强子对撞机(LHC)于2010年成功投入使用，用于7TeV质心能量的质子-质子碰撞，目前正在进行13TeV的质心质子碰撞。大型强子对撞机正在突破人类知识的极限，使物理学家能够超越标准模型--希格斯发现是在2012年宣布的--大型强子对撞机有潜力继续下去，帮助回答我们这个时代的一些关键问题：超对称性的存在与否；暗物质的性质；额外维度的存在以及更详细地研究希格斯玻色子。为了扩大其发现潜力并显著减少统计误差，大型强子对撞机将需要在2020年代进行重大升级，以使其科学产出至少增加到设计值的五倍，这被称为高亮度大型强子对撞机(HL-LHC)。HL-LHC-UK是一个名为HL-LHC-UK2的五年计划的提案，该项目将继续取得HL-LHC-UK和LESS1原型阶段的成功，并将从2020年4月1日起向HL-LHC提供关键系列生产硬件和关键束流物理研究，包括蟹腔低温模块、用于冷动力的冷箱、束流诊断硬件以及准直研究。该项目将通过欧洲核子研究中心获得英国的外来投资，使英国工业能够向大型强子对撞机提供关键部件。整个HL-LHC-UK2项目与英国、欧洲和全球的加速器和粒子物理战略密切一致，在这些战略中，完全利用该机器是核心和最优先事项。2017年英国加速器战略审查指出：“建议9-通过利用各主题领域的协同效应和行业参与，最大限度地提高英国对CERN的重大长期投资的科学和产业回报。”并表示“大型强子对撞机(LHC)高光度项目(HL-LHC)将于2025年开始运行，这是英国和欧洲核子研究中心(CERN)的优先事项。英国目前对升级研究和开发的贡献包括先进的准直器、蟹腔、束流仪器和冷供电系统。参与这个项目使英国能够为LHC机器的升级做出高调和重要的贡献”。STFC 2016-2020年的交付计划指出，“支持英国在CERN技术升级方面的领导地位”是当务之急，也是“发展机会，让业界和其他合作伙伴更早地参与技术解决方案的开发”。这项工作将资助达累斯伯里实验室的大量STFC工作人员，以及两个加速器学院8所独立大学的几名学者、PDRA和博士生。

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was successfully commissioned in 2010 for proton-proton collisions with a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy and is now delivering 13 TeV centre-of-mass proton collisions. The LHC is pushing the limits of human knowledge, enabling physicists to go beyond the Standard Model - the Higgs discovery was announced in 2012 - and the LHC has the potential to go on and help answer some of the key questions of our age: the existence, or not, of supersymmetry; the nature of dark matter; the existence of extra dimensions and studying the Higgs boson in more detail. To extend its discovery potential and significantly reduce statistical error, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s to increase its scientific output by at least a factor of five beyond its design value, this is known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). HL-LHC-UK is a proposal for a five year project known as HL-LHC-UK2, which will continue the success of HL-LHC-UK and LESS1 prototyping phases and from 1st April 2020 will deliver key series production hardware and key beam physics studies to HL-LHC including crab cavity cryomodules, coldboxes for cold powering, and beam diagnostics hardware as well as collimation studies. The project will receive inward investment into the UK via CERN to enable UK industry to deliver key components to the LHC. The overall HL-LHC-UK2 project aligns closely with UK, European and global strategies for accelerator and particle physics, where the complete exploitation of the machine is central and of highest priority. The 2017 UK accelerator strategy review states "Recommendation 9 - Maximise the scientific and industrial return on the significant, long- term UK investment in CERN by exploiting synergies across thematic areas, and industry involvement." and states "Due to commence operations in 2025, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) high luminosity project (HL-LHC) is a high priority for both UK and CERN. Current UK contributions to the upgrade research and development include advanced collimators, crab cavities, beam instrumentation and cold-powering systems. Involvement in this project enables the UK to make high profile and important contributions to the LHC machine upgrade". The STFC 2016-2020 delivery plan states "Supporting UK leadership in the technical upgrades at CERN" is a top priority, and also "Developing opportunities to engage industry and other partners earlier in the development of technology solutions".The work will fund a significant number of STFC staff at the Daresbury Laboratory as well as several academics, PDRAs and PhD Students in 8 individual Universities across the two Accelerator Institutes.