Helioseismology at Birmingham and Queen Mary

太阳是恒星天体物理学的试金石。它是研究其他恒星内部物理、结构和动力学的基础。了解是什么驱动了观测到的其活动和排放的变化，不仅对日地关系至关重要，而且对研究其他恒星对其当地环境的影响具有更广泛的相关性，对探测到的系外行星的可居住性具有明显的意义。在最近的太阳研究中，突出的是对太阳活动的研究，它起源于太阳内部发生的过程。最近的第24次活动周期显示出的活动水平在现代望远镜和卫星观测时代是前所未有的低。当我们进入新的第25周期时，日震学不仅在理解这些变化的内部驱动因素方面发挥着重要作用，而且在理解它们可能持续多久方面也发挥着重要作用。我们将利用伯明翰太阳振荡网络（BiSON）追踪太阳在下一个太阳周期的上升过程中的地震行为。我们将挖掘这些数据以及来自其他地基和星载日震仪器的数据，以分离和提取太阳内部结构和动态变化的特征。我们将比较四个连续的太阳极小期中太阳的地震行为；并研究太阳深层内部的旋转，以更好地了解太阳的动态演化。我们还将利用卫星和地面GONG网络的太阳数据来监测近地表流动模式的发展，因为我们进入了第25个周期，这将提供关于太阳活动如何变化的重要信息。

The Sun is a touchstone for stellar astrophysics. It is an anchor for studies of the internal physics, structure and dynamics of other stars. Understanding what drives the observed changes to its activity and emissions is not only of crucial importance to solar-terrestrial relations, but also has wider relevance to studies of the influence that other stars have on their local environments, with the obvious implications for habitability of detected exoplanets. Prominent among recent solar research are studies of solar activity, which has its origins in processes taking place in the solar interior. The most recent activity Cycle 24 has shown levels of activity that are unprecedentedly low in the era of modern telescope and satellite observations. As we move into the new Cycle 25, helioseismology has an important role to play in understanding not only the internal drivers for these changes, but also how long lasting they might be. We will track the seismic behaviour of the Sun through the rise of the next solar cycle, using the Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON). We will mine these data and data from other ground-based and space-borne helioseismic instruments, to isolate and extract signatures of structural and dynamic changes in the solar interior. We will compare the seismic behaviour of the Sun in four successive solar minima; and study the rotation of the deep solar interior to better understand the dynamic evolution of the Sun.We will also utilize resolved-Sun data from satellites and the ground-based GONG network to monitor the development of near-surface flow patterns as we head into Cycle 25, which provide important information on how the Sun's activity is changing.